骨内的

The Ilizarov technique was used in 9 patients (11 feet) with the severe rigid talipes equinovarus deformity, in which one patient with syringomyelia, and the orthers with congenital club foot. Prospective goals of correction were made in all the cases.

方法］作者在2000年3月～2005年3月间，使用Ilizarov技术矫正9例11足重度僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形，将连接于胫骨、跟骨、跖骨的外固定环互相连接、组合成复杂的三维外固定架，通过逐渐调整外固定架矫正畸形，从而使患足达到或接近正常足的外形和功能。

Currently, transfix is an ideal fixation system.

资料综合：固定方式经历了一个由皮质骨外固定到骨隧道内固定的演变过程，Transfix是目前较为理想的固定方式，肌腱结嵌压固定是最新出现的一种固定方式，其临床效果尚需进一步验证。

Head steel plates can improve the abnormal structure of upper femur,increase the real length of the affected limb.Therefore,it is an ideal effective method for treatment of congenital coxa vara.

结论］Y型截骨、鹅头钢板内固定能够改善股骨上端异常结构，增加患肢真性长度，是治疗先天性髋内翻的有效方法。

Objective To investigate the effect of high tibial osteotomy and Giebel internal fixation for knee varus.

目的 探讨胫骨高位截骨Giebel内固定术治疗膝内翻畸形的效果。

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous cannulated cancellous lag screws internal fixation is the most used method for the cases of femoral neck fractures. However, there are some complications.

背景：3枚空心松质骨拉力螺钉内固定已经成为股骨颈骨折内固定的标准操作技术，但其并发症较多，改进内置物的设计是减少并发症的途径之一。

RESULTS: In the SH-rhBMP-2 group, sparse chondroid tissue could be found at the 2 weeks of operation, which arranged orderly along the tibial tunnel from 4 to 8 weeks, tendon adhered to adjacent tissue stably, and bony tissue was appeared at the 12 weeks.

结果：透明质酸钠-重组人骨形态发生蛋白2亚组在术后2周隧道内见稀疏软骨样组织，4~8周时隧道内见沿骨隧道排列的软骨样组织，双股肌腱之间形成稳定组织连接。l2周时出现部分骨样组织包裹肌腱。

The screw entry point was located at the tip of transverse process. The average inclination angle should be 10°-20° headward and 30°-40° toward neutral line respectively. The screw was inserted and entered into the vertebral body along the external cortex of pedicle. The integrity of cortical bone around screws, the distance to segmental blood vessels and the penetration of cortex were observed after operation to evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement. Among 160 thoracic pedicle screws that were implanted in 34 cases, 148 screws (92.5%) were accurately inserted inside the costotransverse unit, and 12 screws (7.5%) were misplaced according to the image of X-ray and CT thin-slice scan.

应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者，固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径，固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖，进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~ 20°、与中线成角30°~40°，顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体，固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨，评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉，固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5%)螺钉置入准确，12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。

Besides, contact stress in tibia component-polyethylene insert interface of three component design arise 31% to 34% only in dorsiflexion 40 degree and plantar flexion 40 degree due to flat smooth surface design.

二件式人工踝关节的接触压力平均为7.8 MPa，三件式人工踝关节胫骨元件-关节内衬接触面的接触压力平均为4.4 MPa最小；三件式人工踝关节关节内衬-距骨元件接触面的接触压力平均为5.7 MPa居中。

This graft interferes with endosteal circulation and consequently can interfere with healing.

髓腔内植骨会干扰内骨膜血液循环，因此会干扰骨折的愈合。

From 2004 to 2007, 34 cases were treated with extrapedicular screw fixation in Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The screw entry point, angle, depth and diameter were measured and defined on the thoracic vertebrae pedicle by CT thin-slice scan in standard prone for all cases before operation. The screw entry point was located at the tip of transverse process. The average inclination angle should be 10°-20° headward and 30°-40° toward neutral line respectively. The screw was inserted and entered into the vertebral body along the external cortex of pedicle. The integrity of cortical bone around screws, the distance to segmental blood vessels and the penetration of cortex were observed after operation to evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement.

应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者，固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径，固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖，进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~20°、与中线成角30°~40°，顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体，固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨，评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉，固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5%)螺钉置入准确，12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。