马尔

A partially observable Markov decision process is an extension of a Markov decision process, which can partially keep the state of the system under observation.

部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程是马尔可夫决策过程的扩展，它允许系统的状态信息部分可知。

Taking software testing process as a Markov decision process,a Markov decision model of software testing is proposed in this paper,and by using a learning strategy based on the cross-entropy method to optimize the software testing,this paper obtains the optimal testing profile.

将软件测试过程处理成马尔可夫决策过程，给出了软件测试的马尔可夫决策模型，运用交叉熵方法，通过一种学习策略获得软件测试的最优测试剖面，用于优化软件测试。

The form and construction of the Markov matrix are illustrated by an example, and the method to fill the matrix by computer programming is explained.

通过讨论马尔可夫阵与其他疲劳载荷表征方法间的关系，表明马尔可夫矩阵含有更多信息，是较适合完整描述疲劳载荷谱的表征方法之

Put forward digital watermarking method based on wavelet transform and Markov random field.The method that is proposed in the paper brings Markov random field into digital watermarking technique. Uses MRP to model visual impression of image, obtains allowable distortion of every pixel.

3提出了基于小波变换与马尔可夫随机场的数字水印方法本文将马尔可夫随机场引入到数字水印技术中来，利用其对图像视觉效果建模，求取各象素点的允许失真值。

For a long time, we are all familiar with the name of Martov and Menshevik, but know little about the history of Martov and Menshevik.

长期以来，我们对马尔托夫和孟什维克的名字都比较熟悉，但是对马尔托夫与孟什维克的历史却知之不多。

If I can say there is something new in my paper, it should be that the relationship between Martov and Menshevik is discussed systematically and both of them position and function were analyzed deeply for the first time in our academia.

本文的创新之处在于：在国内首次系统地论述了马尔托夫与孟什维克运动的关系，着重分析了马尔托夫在孟什维克运动史上的地位和作用。

For this reason, I plan to examine all Martov"s life, his early political activities and his contributions to the progress of Menshevik, under the title of"Martov and Menshevik.

基于此，本文拟以《马尔托夫与孟什维克》为题，对马尔托夫的个人生平、早年政治活动及其与孟什维克运动进行初步探讨。

Martov is one of the propagators and practicers of the Marxism in Russia. He is one of the primary founders of Iskra and a master editor at its edit board, and also one of the predominant theorists and leaders of the Russian revolutionary history. At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903, the party split into Menshevik and Bolshevik because of the divarication between Mrtov and Lenin. Then they became the leader of each faction.

马尔托夫是马克思主义在俄国的传播者和实践者之一，是俄国社会民主工党机关报《火星报》的主要创办者和编委会中的一员，是俄国革命运动中卓越的理论家和领导人之一。1903年俄国社会民主工党第二次代表大会上，马尔托夫与列宁的分歧引起了党的分裂，而后，他们分别成为孟什维克和布尔什维克的主要领导人。

Vlado Smit was accused of pushing Marco Marchionni as he went for a header in the box, but it appeared as if the Juventus midfielder simply mistimed his jump and clattered into his opponent.

弗拉多·斯米特被判罚当马尔科·马尔基奥尼跳起来顶球的时候推倒了他，但是好像尤文图斯中场的这次头球很不合时宜，才导致他撞到了对方后卫。

We do research on the transitions between states of network protocol,the protocol misusage detection model based on Markov chain,the framework of the IDS technology and protocol anormity after we discuss the current technology. The main research contents of this paper include: research on transitions between states of network protocol and session process, protocol misuage and the anomaly detection model based on Markov chain, the research of intrusion detection framework, more accurately model based on the characteristic of the network traffic and so on.

在分析了现有入侵检测系统的基础上，本文围绕典型网络协议状态转换、基于马尔可夫链的检测模型、入侵检测技术框架、以及协议异常等几个方面展开深入研究，主要工作内容包括：典型网络协议转换状态的分析和会话过程的研究；基于马尔可夫链的网络异常检测模型；分布式的检测架构；针对网络流量特征而提出了精确的检测模型等。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。