马克思主义

Anarchism advocated by Mikhail Bakunin is one of the main anti-Marxism thoughts during the First International period. He set up the Socialist Democratic League and advocated'abolition of all right of inheritance','abolition of the notion of country'and'defiance of authority', and attacked the Paris Community, which has brought great damage and negative effects to the Workers'Movement.

巴枯宁的无政府主义是第一国际时期主要的反马克思主义思潮之一，他所组建的"社会主义民主同盟"、所宣扬的"废除继承权"、"废除国家"、"反对权威"以及对巴黎公社的攻击等给当时的工人运动带来了极大的影响和危害，为了揭示其无政府主义的本质，清除其对工人运动的影响，马克思与其进行了长期的、艰苦的、复杂的斗争。

Western Marxism, including Existentialism, Freudianism and Humanistic Psychology has developed Marx\'s theory of human. Their thought is significant for building a different road of study on contemporary Chinese theory of human. And these senses include focusing on harmonious development of human and things, advancing development of each person by researching the micro-psychological changes, and the full developing of the ability of each person.

西方马克思主义，包括存在主义、弗洛伊德主义以及人本主义心理学对马克思人学思想的丰富和发展，对于我们开辟当代中国人学研究的新道路也具有重要的理论价值，这些基本价值主要有注重人与物的协调发展、注重从人的微观心理变革角度促进人的发展、注重人的创造能力的充分发挥。

Western Marxism, including Existentialism, Freudianism and Humanistic Psychology has developed Marxs theory of human. Their thought is significant for building a different road of study on contemporary Chinese theory of human. And these senses include focusing on harmonious development of human and things, advancing development of each person by researching the micro-psychological changes, and the full developing of the ability of each person.

西方马克思主义，包括存在主义、弗洛伊德主义以及人本主义心理学对马克思人学思想的丰富和发展，对于我们开辟当代中国人学研究的新道路也具有重要的理论价值，这些基本价值主要有注重人与物的协调发展、注重从人的微观心理变革角度促进人的发展、注重人的创造能力的充分发挥。

In the course of"return to Marx", Hegelianism is an important factor. Young Lukacs opens a way to study Hegelian Marxism; old Lukacs still insists on that the study of Hegel is indispensable to the study of Marxist philosophy. Just by study of the relation of Hegelian philosophy and Marxist philosophy, Lukacs grasps the developing track of Marxian philosophy.

在卢卡奇"回到马克思"的过程中，黑格尔哲学始终是一个不可忽略的因素，早期卢卡奇开创了黑格尔式的马克思主义研究的先河；晚期卢卡奇仍然把对黑格尔的研究当作研究马克思哲学的必备知识和必要途径，他正是通过研究黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学的关系，搞清楚了马克思哲学的形成轨迹。

As a mentality giant among the millenary and a scholastic model, this study has great significance on training and improving the students' mentality.

把马克思作为一个千年思想伟人与学者的典范，研究其史学思想对于加强马克思主义历史学的理论建设，培养与提高学生马克思主义的思想素质具有重要意义。

Practica l mode of thinking is the basic featore of Marx's New philosophy Therefore,...

实践思维方式是马克思新哲学的根本特征，只有自觉地把它运用于马克思主义人学的研究之中，才能科学地理解人的属性，准确地揭示人的本质，由之才能建构真正传达出马克思主义精神实质的人学理论

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is one of the activest critics in the west world at present and the most important figure on the postcolonial criticism in the United States after Said has been dead. From the view of culture and politics, Spivak always absolutely criticizes the serious issues in the post-industry time with the Marxism and deconstruction theory standing at a woman's position. So, she called herself a practicing deconsturctism and feminism Marxist.

佳亚特里·C·斯皮瓦克是当下西方文艺理论界最活跃的批评家之一，是美国在赛义德之后当今最重要的后殖民理论批评家，她始终站在女性的立场上，运用马克思主义和解构主义等策略坚定不移地针对资本主义后工业时代的种种问题进行着文学文化文本政治批判，因此她将自己描述成&实践性的解构主义女性马克思主义者&。

Schmidt\'s understanding of Marx and Marxism emphasizes the social historical character of the concept of nature of Marx; And he argues that the philosophy of Marx aims at the criticism of "the second nature of nature" and the nonidentity of the subject and the object, because the biggest secret of the ideology lies in the identity, and in the philosophy the most core identity is the identity of the subject and the object, Schmidt reiterated ideology critique, which is the important subject of the Frankfurt school and even the entire West Marxism; He also elaborated the relation between Marx\'s natural view and the Marxian socialism theory.

他十分重视结合马克思的社会历史理论、经济理论来考察自然概念，充分强调马克思自然概念的社会历史特征；突出批判&第二自然&与坚持主客体非同一性问题，因为意识形态的最大秘密在于同一性，哲学上最核心的同一性就是主体与客体同一性，所以施密特重申了法兰克福学派乃至整个西方马克思主义的重要主题——意识形态批判；他阐述了马克思的自然观与马克思社会主义学说的关系，围绕人和自然的关系问题探讨了马克思和一切乌托邦的联系和区别。

The thesis is writed, setting its base on the three traditions ( publicanism and liberalism and mentalism) and referring to the ideal lines of positive liberty and negative liberty, it analyses the course of transfer of liberalism theory and the theoretical essential in some works of its typical writer; reviews the statements on economic freedom by Marx.

文中基于自由的三个理论传统：共和主义的传统、自由派的传统、唯心主义自由传统，遵从积极自由和消极自由等思路，分析了经济自由主义的理论变迁过程和一些代表作家的理论实质，回顾了马克思主义对经济领域自由的表述，运用马克思主义唯物辩证法，历史地分析经济领域自由的阶段性发展，得出了一些富有新意的思想。

In chapter 1,1 reviewed the formation of practices view and tried to reappear the fermenting, forming and producing process of it .

第一章是对马克思主义实践观的形成过程进行回顾和考察，笔者坚持逻辑和历史相统一的方法，对马克思、恩格斯的思想轨迹进行了分析，力图完整地再现马克思主义实践观的酝酿、形成及成熟过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。