马克思

The characteristics of detachability of functionality of application ofgeneral character and openness in philosophy tradition prove the rationalfoundation of china-marxist philosophy.however,severe challenge that marxist philosophy faces,various wrong reading in the traditional theoretical frame ,its purport of ourtime,and tendency of value and historical mission display and demorstrate practical basis of china-marxist philosophy.therefore,theauthor believes that the process of china-marxist philosophy is the process of modernization of chinese philosophy.only by this,can we construct newformation that not only conforms to essential requirement of"threerepresentatives",but also processes china-marxist philosophy of chinesecharacteristics and chinese style.

哲学传统所具有的可拆解性、应用的功能性、深层可共度性以及开放性等特征从理论上表征并确证了马克思主义哲学中国化的理性依据；而马克思主义哲学在当代所面临的严峻挑战、传统理论框架中的种种误读以及它的当代旨趣、价值取向和历史使命，则宣示并彰显了马克思主义哲学中国化的现实基础；鉴此本文认为，马克思主义哲学中国化的过程正是中国哲学走向现代化的过程，只有在这个过程中，才能建构出既符合"三个代表"根本要求又具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的"中国化的马克思主义哲学"新形态。

Part Two discriminates the Ex-Soviet Marxist Philosophy and Western Marxists' Marxist Philosophy, intent on expounding the fact that the Ex-Soviet Marxist Philosophy simply sticks to, dogmatize and even mechanize the Marxist Philosophy. In parallel this section makes a systematic exposition of Western Marxist Philosophy from three aspects, i.e. the philosophical meta-problem, philosophical methodology and ideology.

第二部分通过对前苏联马克思主义哲学观和西方马克思主义的马克思主义哲学观的辨析，旨在阐明前苏联的马克思主义哲学观是对马克思哲学观的僵化、教条化、机械化的理解；并从哲学元问题、哲学方法论两个方面阐述了西方马克思主义的马克思主义哲学观。

However, if one examines not the letter of Marx or Freud, but the becoming of Marxism and the becoming of Freudianism, we see, paradoxically , Marxists and Freudians engaged in an attempt to recode Marx and Freud: in the case of Marxism, you have a recoing by the State ("the State has made you ill, the State will cure you"—this cannot be the same State); and in the case of Freudianism, you have a recoding by the family ( you fall ill from the family and recover throught the family—this is not the same family).

然而，若不从字面意义上细究马克思或弗洛伊德，而是探索马克思主义与弗洛伊德主义的生成问题，那么矛盾之处在于马克思主义者与弗洛伊德派试图重新诠释马克思与弗洛伊德：就马克思主义而言，其通过国家来重新编码（国家使你生病，国家会治愈你—两个国家所指不同）；而就弗洛伊德派来说，存在一套家庭重编码（由于家庭而获病，通过家庭而康复—两个家庭所指也不同）。

Firmly depending with Marxism original work, basing on The Critique of the Gotha Programme, from angle of Marxism development history, Nielsen categorizes, analyzes and elaborates Marx, Engels and Lenin's justice conception. So this disquisition is a masterpiece which faithfully elucidates Marxism justice theory in field of modem foreign Marxism.

这篇文章紧扣马克思主义原著，以《哥达纲领批判》为基点，从马克思主义发展史的角度，梳理和阐释了马克思、恩格斯、列宁的正义观，不失为当代国外马克思主义领域一篇较为本真的阐发马克思主义正义观的力作。

In the course of"return to Marx", Hegelianism is an important factor. Young Lukacs opens a way to study Hegelian Marxism; old Lukacs still insists on that the study of Hegel is indispensable to the study of Marxist philosophy. Just by study of the relation of Hegelian philosophy and Marxist philosophy, Lukacs grasps the developing track of Marxian philosophy.

在卢卡奇"回到马克思"的过程中，黑格尔哲学始终是一个不可忽略的因素，早期卢卡奇开创了黑格尔式的马克思主义研究的先河；晚期卢卡奇仍然把对黑格尔的研究当作研究马克思哲学的必备知识和必要途径，他正是通过研究黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学的关系，搞清楚了马克思哲学的形成轨迹。

This text is seeing about the relation from the special angle of view of "Hermeneutics".We consider that,as a people of comprehending Marxist philosophy,there are otherness, oneness and creation among the Marxist philosophy comprehended by Engles and the Marxist philosophy founded by Marx mostly. On these grounds,we oppose the viewpoint of "oppositeness"or"equality".

从解释学的特定视角出发对这一关系进行考察，作为马克思主义哲学的理解者，恩格斯所理解的马克思主义哲学与主要由马克思创立的马克思主义哲学之间既存在着差异性，也具有同一性和创造性，据此，我们反对在恩格斯与马克思主义哲学关系问题上的"对立论"和"等同论"的观点。

After seriously analyzing the system of Marxism Intercourse Theory in detail, the author makes the contemporary reading on Marxism Intercourse Theory, which breaks through the traditional duality method (it holds Marxism Intercourse Theory is the intercourse based on physical/spirituous or the relation of male/female),then puts forward Marxism Intercourse Theory represents four constituents in the period of globalization, that is economy intercourse, political intercourse, cultural intercourse and social intercourse, among which economy intercourse is the base and core, political and cultural intercourse play the important role to economy intercourse, and social intercourse is the final purpose of all intercourse. From above the thesis give prominence to the contemporary significance of Marxism Intercourse Theory.

在对马克思交往理论体系进行认真、详细的分析之后，认为我们以前对马克思交往理论所进行的二元划分并不能全面反映现阶段经济全球化时期的交往形式与过程(二元划分结构认为马克思交往理论体系就是物质交往与精神交往以及建立在男女关系之上的两性交往)，因此，我进行了对马克思交往理论的当代解读，认为马克思交往理论在全球化时期表现为四大组成部分：经济交往、政治交往、文化交往和社会交往。

He re-established the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, laid the ideological foundation of the Sinicization of Marxism , expanded the idea of the Sinicization of Marxism, planed a new developing road of Chinese characterial socialism, formed new light of the Sinicization of Marxism on socialism, accumulated some basic experiences about how to guide us to promote Chinese characterial socialism and the Sinicization of Marxism, and promoted the development of the Sinicization of Marxism.

他重新确立了解放思想实事求是的思想路线，奠定了马克思主义中国化的思想基础，拓展了马克思主义中国化的思路，规划了中国特色社会主义建设的发展道路，形成了中国化马克思主义关于社会主义的至关重要的新认识，积累了指导我们推进中国特色社会主义建设和马克思主义中国化的基本经验，推动了马克思主义中国化的发展。

Schmidt\'s understanding of Marx and Marxism emphasizes the social historical character of the concept of nature of Marx; And he argues that the philosophy of Marx aims at the criticism of "the second nature of nature" and the nonidentity of the subject and the object, because the biggest secret of the ideology lies in the identity, and in the philosophy the most core identity is the identity of the subject and the object, Schmidt reiterated ideology critique, which is the important subject of the Frankfurt school and even the entire West Marxism; He also elaborated the relation between Marx\'s natural view and the Marxian socialism theory.

他十分重视结合马克思的社会历史理论、经济理论来考察自然概念，充分强调马克思自然概念的社会历史特征；突出批判&第二自然&与坚持主客体非同一性问题，因为意识形态的最大秘密在于同一性，哲学上最核心的同一性就是主体与客体同一性，所以施密特重申了法兰克福学派乃至整个西方马克思主义的重要主题——意识形态批判；他阐述了马克思的自然观与马克思社会主义学说的关系，围绕人和自然的关系问题探讨了马克思和一切乌托邦的联系和区别。

COMMUNIST MANIFESTO is a great milestone in the history of mankind, with theories of "two inevitabilities" as its crucial theme. It provides the general principles for all the mature works of Marx and Engels, and the key to understanding Marxism. It also sheds light on how we should treat Marxism. The fact that the "two inevitabilities" have not come true in Western countries does not affect the scientific nature of Marxism. The turmoils in East Europe do not symbolize failure of Marxism....

本文认为：《共产党宣言》是屹立在人类历史上的一座丰碑，其核心是关于&两个必然性&的理论，它构成了马克思恩格斯全部成熟著作的纲领和红线，是理解什么是马克思主义的关键，也为我们如何对待马克思主义提供了有益的启示；西方国家没有实现&两个必然性&，并不影响马克思主义的科学性，苏东剧变不是马克思主义的失败，而是背弃马克思主义的失败，而在中国，&两个必然性&的理论已经实现并在继续实现，这些都表明，《共产党宣言》的基本思想并不是乌托邦，而是科学社会主义学说。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。