马克

The advantages of Lamarckism are awesome.

拉马克的优势令人敬畏。

This process was later called Lamarckism.

这一进程后来被称为拉马克主义。

Could we outline a working biological Lamarckism as a thought experiment?

我们能把运行拉马克的生物学说概述为思想实验吗？

Biological Lamarckism probably hasn't happened because it requires an improbable biological decryption scheme.

生物学的拉马克学说之所以没有奏效，可能是因为它需要一种不大可能存在的生物解码方案。

What begins as vague desire can skate dangerously close to the edge of classical Lamarckism when it reaches individual learning.

如果扩展到个人学习，那模糊的愿望就有滑入古典拉马克学说边缘的可能。

The body of these changes is through a long-term natural selection, so that useful genetic variation retained by the formation, and no explanation is based on Lamarckism, to use and disuse of the way, from generation to generation improved the sake of time.

机体的这些改变是通过长期的自然选择，使有益的变异通过遗传保留下来而形成的，绝不是按拉马克主义的解释，以用进废退的方式，一代代完善化而形成的。

Herbert Spencer had already incorporated Lamarckism into his popular philosophy of progressive free market human society.

赫伯特·斯宾塞曾将他的受到众人欢迎的渐进自由市场式人类社会哲学与拉马克主义相结合。

It may seem like a textbook example of Lamarckism, but giraffes who can evolve the most stretch in their necks can stake out an adaptation with their bodies long enough for their genes to catch up.

这似乎有点像拉马克教科书中的一个例子：能演化出最有弹性脖子的长颈鹿，用它那长得足够基因借用的身体设立了适应性的标志。

He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effects of use and disuse; he wrote that he thought "there can be little doubt that use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them; and that such modifications are inherited", and that this also applied in nature.

他接受的一个形式是获得性状遗传（在达尔文去世后被称为拉马克主义）。第五章讨论他所说的使用或废弃的影响；他写道，他认为"毫无疑问，在我们的家养动物中，使用加强和扩大某些部分，而废弃使它们变小；而这种修改被继承"，而且这也适用于自然界。

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, variations of Lamarckism, orthogenesis ('progressive' evolution), and saltationism were discussed as alternatives.

在19世纪和20世纪初，人们对可选择的替代学说进行了讨论，如拉马克主义的各种变种、直生论和骤变说。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。