首次的

In part one (chapter 2-3), two new methods and systems of optical parallel logic operation are studied. Triple-in Double-out shadow-casting logic operation system is proposed and realized for the first time. Based on this, optical full adder and 3-bit decoder array logic have been obtained. It is the first time to use coding pattern and different reading-writing model to realize BSO-PROM optical parallel logic operation where the time-order operation is avoided, so that the computing speed of optical parallel logic gate which uses this kind of spatial light modulator is increased, and it is successfully used in optical symbolic substitution .

在第一部分，对两种新的并行光学布尔逻辑运算方法及系统进行了研究：首次提出并实现了三输入、双输出铸影光学逻辑运算系统及其由此得到的光学全加器，并提出一种以此为基础的3-比特译码器阵列逻辑，首次利用图形编码和不同的读写模式实现了无时序操作的BSO-PROM光并行逻辑运算，大大提高了这种空间光调制器用作光并行逻辑门的运算速度，使之成功地用于光学符号代换之中。

The main research methods are:(1)Theory analysis:from the 2D plane geometry analysis, dots continuity characteristics are found. The first time irrational fraction algorithm is used in FM program.(2)Experiments reaearch:experiments of condition halftone function are designed under the cross-experiment principles. The first time variable information printer and C# language are used in experiment.(3)Data processing:new type digital density apparatus is used to measure data. Compare is used in processing data and error cause are explained. The main works as follows:The dot area percentage has been gained and new condition halftone function has been set up.(2)After being corrected, speed of irrational fraction algorithm has been compared with multiplicative congruence algorithm's.

本文的主要研究方法有：(1)理论分析：运用数字加网原理，从二维平面几何分析入手，借助实验验证研究网点连续特性；首次系统地把无理数取尾法随机数生成器引入到调频加网系统中，根据实验修正生成器的模型，运用统计假设检验理论，对生成的随机数序列进行统计假设检验；(2)实验研究：根据正交实验法则设计实验，首次采用可变信息印刷机(HP Laser PS印刷机)输出实验样张，克服了用传统胶印机作实验影响因素多的缺陷；采用新型数字式密度仪测量密度值，提高了数据精度；采用最新编程语言编写调频加网程序；(3)数据处理与分析：利用平均值比较法处理数据，对误差产生的原因进行讨论。

Most importantly, our team are famous for much research on ecology, physiology,molecular phylogenesis of bats at home and abroad, we have gained much originative result in this field, and we firstly found and studied the third piscivorous bat, Myotis ricketti.We provide evidence that the species Myotis ricketti is piscivorous, and close negative relationships were found firstly within Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae between call frequency and ear length. Some species of taxology status in rhinolophidae were studied by molecular phylogenesis; phylogenesis relationship between rhinolophidae and hipposideridae and different populations of miniopterus schreibersii were also studied; we also studied Social structure of Tylonycteris pachypusa and T. robustula and the isolating mechanisms of ecological niches.

在蝙蝠生态、生理、和分子系统进化领域完成了大量研究，奠定了本项目组在此领域中的国际地位，首次在国际上证实性发现并系统研究了世界上第3种食鱼蝙蝠--大足鼠耳蝠；首次提出菊头蝠科蝙蝠回声定位叫声频率与耳长负相关；利用分子系统学研究方法澄清菊头蝠科内一些种的分类地位，菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科的关系，以及普通长翼蝠种群间的系统进化关系；系统地研究了扁颅蝠属仅有两个姐妹种的社会组织结构和生态位分化。

And whether is it necessary to redefine the geotectonic pattern in southern China? In 1993, the authors discovered firstly the late Paleozoic radiolarian silicalite in the "Shuangqiaoshan Group", which, as we know, is a block within the ophiolitic mélange. In 1996, the authors discovered again the late Paleozoic fossils in the other rocks of "Shuangqiaoshan Group" and "Zhitang Formation" of Lower Sinian Series in the ophiolitic mélange. At the same time, the authors discovered firstly the early Paleozoic chitinozoa fossils.

因此，再次将"板溪群"是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。1993年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的"双桥山群"岩块中，首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。1996年又在该混杂岩带多处的"双桥山群"岩块和"下震旦统志棠组"中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩，还首次在"登山群拔竹坑组"中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。

To obtain more messages from Ardisia, some studies, such as characters of seeds germination and storage, factors influencing callus induction and growth, monitoring bergenin in callus of Ardisia spp and plant regeneration of Ardisia spp, were carried out. As a result, calli were obtained from nine species of Ardisia and bergenin, the major pharmaceutical element of Ardisia, was proved to exist in six of them when checked by HPLC. Plant regeneration systems were established from three species of Ardisia too. These works are all reported for the first time.

为更好地利用该属植物资源，本文对紫金牛属植物的种子萌发和贮藏，愈伤组织的诱导和培养，培养物中岩白菜素含量的检测，植株再生等问题进行了研究，首次成功地获得了紫金牛属9个种的愈伤组织并在其中6个种中检测到主要药用成分岩白菜素的存在，同时首次建立了该属3个种的再生体系。

The mangrove species concerned were five: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera sexangula, Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala and Avicennia marina.

本文首次对全国范围内的木榄种群进行了遗传变异和生态分化的研究，并且用等位酶技术和方法首次对红树科木榄属三种现存的种类进行了种间亲缘关系的鉴定，尝试对种群的分布及建立机制进行了探讨。

For a 1116Kg chromitite and a 384Kg mantle peridotite sample, by heavy mineral separation and picking up under a binocular microscope following productions are obtained: the UHP minerals including moissanite and over 1000 diamond grains are discovered firstly from the Kangjinla chromitite orebody Cr-11, which is far more abundant than the Luobusa district; a series of unusual mantle minerals like moissanite and a great deal of diamond grains are discovered firstly from the host rocks of chromitite orebody Cr-11, providing the foundation of discussing the chromitite origin and its relation with the host rocks; besides the UHP minerals like moissanite and diamond, various special mantle minerals are revealed from the chromitite orebody Cr-11 and its host rocks including some native elements, alloys, oxides, sulphides, silicates, carbonates, and tungstates.

2人工重砂发现铬铁矿和地幔橄榄岩中的金刚石等特殊地幔矿物。1116 Kg铬铁矿和384Kg地幔橄榄岩大样经人工重砂分选和双目显微镜下挑选矿物，取得如下成果：首次在康金拉11号铬铁矿体中发现了上千粒金刚石，以及碳硅石等强还原环境的超高压矿物，数量远远超过在罗布莎铬铁矿矿区中发现的金刚石；首次在康金拉11号铬铁矿矿体的近矿围岩中发现了大量金刚石和碳硅石等一批异常地幔矿物，为探讨铬铁矿的成因及与近矿围岩地幔橄榄岩的关系奠定了基础；除挑选出金刚石和碳硅石等超高压矿物，在康金拉11号铬铁矿矿体与围岩地幔橄榄岩中还发现了自然铁球、金属互化物、氧化物、硫化物、硅酸盐等一批异常地幔矿物。

Objective The examination of barium enema ever since 1905,colonoscope occurrence,it is very development to diagnose in small nonpolypoid lesion of large bowel.

目的195年首次钡灌肠X线检查被用于临床诊断大肠病变以来，大肠镜的问世，为提高早期大肠癌的诊断和治目的 1905年首次钡灌肠X线检查被用于临床诊断大肠病变以来，大肠镜的问世，为提高早期大肠癌的诊断和治疗，提供了最简便、最安全、最有效的方法。

And whether is it necessary to redefine the geotectonic pattern in southern China? In 1993, the authors discovered firstly the late Paleozoic radiolarian silicalite in the "Shuangqiaoshan Group", which, as we know, is a block within the ophiolitic mélange. In 1996, the authors discovered again the late Paleozoic fossils in the other rocks of "Shuangqiaoshan Group" and "Zhitang Formation" of Lower Sinian Series in the ophiolitic mélange. At the same time, the authors discovered firstly the early Paleozoic chitinozoa fossils.

因此，再次将&板溪群&是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。1993年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的&双桥山群&岩块中，首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。1996年又在该混杂岩带多处的&双桥山群&岩块和&下震旦统志棠组&中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩，还首次在&登山群拔竹坑组&中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。

On the base of probabilistic and statistics results of joints and cracks, the Author modifies Block Theory. The sliding probability of Key Block is I A RSTR A CT F2 ? 5.It is put up forward that GM(l,1) Model to predict Amount of rainfall, and Markov Chain to modifY GM( 1,1 )predicting result, and then a theoretical predicting Model of amount of rainfall is firstly built. This model is applied in a situ example. It is proved that the model is very useful to predict amount of rainfall ,when ordinal array of Amount of rainfall changes in unexact index rule.

首次将节理裂隙视为有限长，借助有关岩体节理裂隙概率统计研究成果，对块体理论进行修正，确定了关键块体变为滑动块体概率计算公式为 5、本文提出采用GM（1，1）模型预测降雨量，而采用Markov链进行修正的方法，首次用该方法建立了大气降雨量预测的理论模型，并结合实例进行具体应用，解决了当降雨量的时间序列呈不严格的指数规律变化时，大气降雨量的预测问题。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。