首当其冲

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是"神经紊乱症"；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于"性无度"，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是"反生育欺诈"，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于"性"的关注由来已久，特别是那些"十恶不赦"，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于"性"的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断"性"已时不我待，"性"报告堆积如山，"性"治疗大张旗鼓，以此掩护夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入"危险的青春期"少年们的"性"万无一失。

To our knowledege concerning the tendency of orogen research around the world,several important aspects with regard to the orogen in vestigation have been proposed in this paper.

为了合理和完善地解释这些新现象的存在，应从充实和丰富我们对"活动论"内涵的理解着手，使我们的地球观更加符合辩证唯物的认识论，这是我国构造地质学家们不能回避的首当其冲的问题。

And no one has earned the "honor" of chief pallbearer more than the Michigan Representative John Dingell, the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee who is more responsible for protecting Detroit to death than any single legislator.

这其中，尤以白宫能源与商业委员会主席，密歇根代表John Dingell首当其冲--送葬员的头把交椅非他莫属--比起其他立法者，他应对"底特律之死"负更大责任。

Hydraulic structure can be often damaged by ice cover and ice pressure at cold areas,and slop protection construction is easier to be damaged by ice.

在寒冷地区，水工建筑物经常会受到冰盖层冰压力的侵害和威胁，而护坡工程往往首当其冲，由于在设计时对冰压力估计不足，致使某些护坡遭受冰压力的作用而损坏。

Of all the areas of research needed in raptor propagation this is at the top of the list.

在所有需要对猛禽繁殖的研究领域中，这是首当其冲的。

Affiliation WTO empress, we will have to open the education market that divided by the compulsory education excluding restrainedly, but the abroad educates the organization enters China, its breakthrough a main battlefield for most may at training realm, business enterprise training profession conduct and actions training realm, also first hit.

加入WTO后，我国将有限制地开放除义务教育以外的教育市场，而国外教育机构进入中国，其突破口最有可能在培训领域，企业培训行业作为培训领域的主要阵地，更是首当其冲。

"The No. 1 issue is unfamiliarity," Roddy says.

"直接块接口首当其冲的问题就是人们对他还不是很熟悉，" Roddy说。

Top of the list must be improving their sclerotic economies, best done through a serious programme of liberalisation and deregulation.

首当其冲的就是改进他们已经僵化的经济，最好是通过认真的开展自由主义和放松管制的途径。

But above all he must, in order to follow the line of the composer's thought, know something of the principles of musical form. Listening to all of these elements is listening on the sheerly musical plane.

为了能够跟的上创作者思想的主线，首当其冲的是，要懂音乐形式的规律，按以上各因素去听音乐是纯音乐层次上的欣赏。

It won't go easily, however, and as it slowly collapses it will be the poor and the young who will suffer the brunt of its struggle to keep going -- desperate and indiscriminate drilling in the oceans and arctic, strip-mining for dirty coal and bitumen sludge, privatization of scarce water, massive incarceration and curtailment of civil freedoms, more cities written off like New Orleans, ghastly famines and floods in struggling nations, the eradication of life savings and pensions, the collapse of health systems, expropriation of property, soaring suicide rates, and unimaginable ubiquitous poverty.

它不会很容易达到预期效果，然而，正如它慢慢地崩溃一样，穷人和年轻一代是首当其冲的受害者，并且要持续地去承受这场战争所带来的冲击——在海洋和北极圈绝望地、不分青红皂白地开采，翻天覆地式的挖掘煤炭和沥青，稀缺的水资源私有化，大规模的监禁和限制公民自由，像新奥尔良一样更多的城市被注销，国家在可怕的饥荒和洪水中挣扎，毕生积蓄和养老金被消除，崩溃的卫生系统，人个财产被征用，自杀率飙升……不可想象的贫困无处不在。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。