饱和压力

Then, the quasi-overconsolidation ratio is introduced to consider the effect of super pore pressure; and the fitting formulation is applied to consider the influence of shearing strain. The degenerated formulation of undrained strength of saturated loess is deduced at last; and its reasonableness is proved by the test results.

在此基础上，引入似超固结比的概念来考虑超孔隙水压力的影响，应用拟合公式来考虑剪切变形的影响，最终推导出了饱和黄土不排水强度的退化公式，与试验结果的对比证明了理论公式预测结果的合理性。

However, the water temperature is 20 degrees below, the saturation vapor pressure is negligible.

但是，水温为20摄氏度以下时，饱和蒸汽压力可忽略不计。

This equation requires only the data of critical temperature, critical pressure, and acentric factor of the substances and can be used in a wide region of parameters with good accuracy.

所建立的通用型气体状态方程，适用范围较宽（如在饱和区，温度可高达0.99T〓，在过热区压力可高达100MPa，密度高达1.5ρ〓）。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

The accuracy of this equation to calculate the thermodynamic properties such as pvT, saturated liquid density, isochoric heat capacity, speed of sound, second virial coe...

比较了HFC－32的热力学性质，包括：压力－比容－温度、比定容热容、声速、第二维里系数、饱和液密度等的测量值与本状态方程计算值。

More experimental data of condensation heat transfer coefficient, especially ones obtained at some determined pressure of mixtures and concentration of noncondensable gases, are required in order to make a data bank. Therefore, the experiment is arranged for steam-air condensing on the outside of a horizontal smooth tube, and 405 data have been obtained for the pressure of the bulk mixture covering 0.1～0.5bar and the mass fraction of air 0.3%～10.0%.

得到了一些重要结论，尤其是首次得到了&同样含量的空气对压力较高的混合气体冷凝换热的削弱作用较小&、&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数近似与空气质量成分的对数成正比关系&、&空气含量的增加对蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数的影响随壁面过冷度增大而减小&及&管内冷却水流速取值范围的上、下限随管外蒸汽侧空气含量的增大而减小&等结论，并验证了在本文实验范围内&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数与相同温度下纯净饱和蒸汽凝结换热系数的Nusselt理论预测结果的比率随壁面过冷度增大而减小&的数值分析结论〓。

The saturation equals 1 in saturated region.The piezometric tube waterhead equals position head by neglecting the effect of capillarity in unsaturated region.So the nonlinear parabolic equation of seepage flow will degenerate to Laplace equation about piezometric tube waterhead in saturated region and convective equation about saturation in unsaturated region respectively.

将渗流域分为饱和区与非饱和区，为避免研究复杂的多相流问题，可以认为非饱和区是与大气相通的，则测压管水头中的压力与大气压相等，使测压管水头等于位置水头，从而渗流控制方程在两个区域中分别退化为关于测压管水头的拉普拉斯方程和关于饱和度的对流方程。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

As a result, hydraulic pressure is not an accurate detector of the volumetric filling point.

其结果是，液压压力不能精确的探测充填适度饱和的那个位置。

It uses middle extracted steam from steam turbine to heat the feetwater of boiler to the saturate temperature under working pressure of deaerator, so as to remove dissolved oxygen and other gases. To prevent or slow boiler and steam turbine as well as pipeline from corroding, and extend them service life, to ensure the operation of the power plant under safety economic condition. The high-pressure deaeator of 235t/h is a kind of mixture-type heater, which shall match with 55 MW units, whose deaerated head adopts a kind of new-style stuffing way with rotation film.

它是利用汽轮机的中间抽汽将锅炉给水加热到除氧器工作压力下的饱和温度，以达到除去给水中的溶解氧和其它气体，防止或减缓锅炉、汽机及其管道的腐蚀，延长其使用寿命，确保电厂的安全经济运行。235t/h高压除氧器是配55MW机组的混合式加热器。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。