食管

Objective: To explore the expression of fatty acid synthase and its significance in esophageal carcinoma.

目的：研究脂肪酸合成酶在食管癌中的表达及其临床意义。疗法：通过免疫组织化学的方法对45例食管癌标本，6例不典型增生的食管粘膜和12例正常食管粘膜中的脂肪酸合成酶的表达进行检测；并与临床病理指标进行比较。

Objective To assess the effects of self-expandable metallic stents (covered-SEMS) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistulas.

目的 评估内镜下食管覆膜自膨式金属支架植入术与经皮内镜下胃造瘘术在气管食管瘘治疗中的应用价值。

Objective:To evaluate the value of double contrast imaging in the diagnosis of sliding esophageal hiatus hernia.

目的：评价食管双对比造影在食管滑动性裂孔疝诊断中的应用价值。

Abstract］ Objective To review operative experiences of colon interposition for caustic stricture of esophagus.

摘要］ 目的结肠代食管食管腐蚀性瘢痕狭窄的经验及效果。

Oerall, 21 (12%) patients were confirmed with BE on repeat endoscopy; all men, mean age 61 yr with a median BE length of 0.5 cm (range 0.5–5 cm, interquartile range 0.5 cm).

总之，复查内镜发现21位患者(12%)确诊Barrett食管，全部是男性，平均年龄61岁，Barrett食管的中位长度是0.5 cm (从0.5–5 cm，四分位距0.5 cm)。

Results: The PCNA mean labelling index was 48.84％± 13.63％, and the apoptotic labelling index was12.26‰± 5.20‰. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the postoperative survival time of the patient was shorter when the tumor infiltrated to the adventitia of esophagus,with lymph node metastasis, without keratinization, PI ≥ 40％ or AI＜10‰. Using forward multivariate Cox regression analysis, only the parameters of pN category and PI could be verified as independent prognostic factors.

结果：36例手术切除的食管鳞癌组织平均PCNA表达指数(PCNAlabellingindex，PI)为48.84％±13.63％，细胞凋亡指数(apoptosisindex，AI)为12.26‰±5.20‰；PI升高与患者年龄小、分化程度低、有淋巴结转移和肿瘤进行性浸润呈正相关，而AI升高与分化程度高、角化明显呈正相关；绘制Kaplan－Meier生存曲线，发现病变侵及食管外膜、有淋巴结转移、无角化、PI≥40％或AI＜10‰的患者术后生存率明显降低；COX比例风险模型分析，发现只有淋巴结转移和PI是影响预后的独立因素。

The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is high in Western nations. Its extra-esophageal manifestations such as asthma, paroxysmal laryngospasm, and excessive throat phlegm, chronic cough, laryngal disorders, postnasal drip and other lesser ear, nose and throat symptoms, have been recognized and reported.

胃食管返流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease， GERD)在西方国家发病率较高，而人们对其食管外临床表现（如哮喘、喉痉挛、顽固性咳嗽咳痰，以致鼻窦炎、咽炎等耳鼻喉科症状）也有相当的认识并有众多的临床报导。

Cough, laryngal disorders, postnasal drip and other lesser ear, nose and throat symptoms, have been recognizedand reported[1]. Thus GERD patients with complications of respiratory distress are considered an integral aspect ofthe syndrome in the Western world.

引言：胃食管返流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease， GERD）在西方国家发病率较高，而人们对其食管外临床表现（如哮喘、喉痉挛、顽固性咳嗽咳痰，以致鼻窦炎、咽炎等耳鼻喉科症状）也有相当的认识并有众多的临床报导[1]。

In 1916, Jefferson Medical College offered Jackson the Professorship of Laryngology and by 1924, he achieved the position of Professor of Bronchoesophagology and Department Head.

我国著名耳鼻咽喉科专家徐荫祥教授曾于1940- 1941年赴美国费城坦伯尔大学从师Jackson教授，专门学习气管食管学，回国后曾将Jackson赠送的食管镜一直存放在北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊的器械柜内。

Result:①The actual length of upper and lower normal esophageal tissue after having been made into pathological giant sections in 52 patients, were 30±14% and 44±19% of that measured in the operation.

结果：①52例食管癌病理标本制成病理大切片后，癌上食管平均收缩为术中长度的30±14%；癌下食管平均收缩为术中长度的44±19%。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。