食管

Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery is a branch of clinical medicine developed from Otorhinolaryngology. Its main subject is to study the phenomenon on anatomy, physiology and disease of ear, nose, pharynx, throat, trachea, head and neck including the feeling organs of the hearing, equilibrium, and taste and the locomotory organs of breathe swallow, pronunciation and language.

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学（Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery）是由耳鼻咽喉科学逐步发展而来的临床医学二级学科，主要研究耳、鼻、咽、喉、气管、食管及头颈部与听觉、平衡、嗅觉各感觉器官以及呼吸、吞咽、发音、语言各运动器官相关的解剖、生理和疾病现象。

I am khalid mahmoud from Bahrain,I have been diagnosed with Oesophageal

我，哈立德马哈茂德，来自巴林，我已被诊断出患有食管

In addition to identification of the following diseases:(1) pyloric spasm (2) pre-pyloric valve (3) gastric torsion (4) achalasia cardia (5), duodenal obstruction (6) annular pancreas (7) superior mesenteric artery integrated Levy (8) gastric mucosal prolapse (9) congenital short esophagus (10) esophago-tracheal fistula (11) with congenital malrotation.

此外要与下列疾病相鉴别：(1)幽门痉挛(2)幽门前瓣膜(3)胃扭转(4)贲门弛缓(5)十二指肠梗阻(6)环状胰腺(7)肠系膜上动脉综合征(8)胃粘膜脱垂(9)先天性短食道(10)食管气管瘘(11)先天性肠旋转不良。

The reference group comprised 135 patients with multinodular goiter and no gastric disorders. In addition, ariation in the leel of serum thyrotropin was prospectiely studied in 11 patients treated with thyroxine before and after H. pylori infection and both before and during treatment with omeprazole in 10 patients treated with thyroxine who had gastroesophageal reflux.

此外我们还在11例接受甲状腺素治疗的病人中，前瞻性地研究了幽门螺杆菌感染前后的血清促甲状腺素水平变化，并在10例有胃食管反流并接受甲状腺素治疗的患者中，研究奥美拉唑治疗前和治疗期间的血清促甲状腺素水平变化。

Peptic ulceroccupied 45.2%,acute and chronic gastric mucosal damage 21.3%,neoplasma 20.8%,esophageal varices 6.8% and etc.

其中消化性溃疡占45.2%，急性和慢性胃粘膜炎症占21.3%，肿瘤占20.8%，食管静脉曲张占6.8%，以及其他等等。

Objective To investigate the role of airway neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of gastro-esophageal reflux induced cough.

目的探讨气道神经源性炎症在胃食管反流性咳嗽发病中的作用。

Reflux monitoring parameters included number of acid and nonacid reflux episodes, proximal migration of the refluxate, and distal esophageal acid exposure.

反流检测参数包括酸性和非酸性反流发作次数，反流物的近端迁移和远端食管酸暴露。

More rarely, indigestion can be a symptom of stomach or oesophageal cancer.

更多的很少，消化不良可以是一个症状，胃或食管癌症。

Methods: Matched 24 pairs normal and tumor samples were collected from who underwent surgery for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

收集24对原发性食管癌的癌组织和相应正常食管组织，分别抽提基因组DNA。

However, its long-term use, especially in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, would cause potential risks, such as hypergastrinemia along with reduced gastric acidity, hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells, gastric neoplasms, rebound gastric acid hypersecretion when PPI treatment is stopped, increased oxyntic gastritis in patients with H.

它们对于消化性溃疡(peptic ulcer，PU)、胃食管反流性疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD)以及联合抗生素根除幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori，Hp)等疗效显著。自1981年第一个PPI奥美拉唑用于临床研究以来，全球已有4亿多患者使用过PPIs，一些GERD患者的连续用药时间超出10年以上。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。