食管

Esophagectomy is preferred for patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastroesophageal junction.

在食管远端或胃食管交界处的腺癌的病人主张食管切除术。

CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in spleen, and B lymphocyte mainly is IgG~+ cell, moreover the amount of these B lymphocytes could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocyte subset after 7 days. CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in tonsil of appendix, and B lymphocyte is IgM~+ cell, and the amount could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocytes after 35 days. After 21 days, B lymphocytes in esophago tonsil are the main IgA~+ cells and the amount exceeds CD3~+ lymphocytes. The amount of CD4~+ lymphocytes is more than CD8+ lymphocytes.4. CD3~+、CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in spleen mainly distribute in periarterial lymphoid sheath. However IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells mainly distribute in ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath and germinal center. T lymphocytes in appendix tonsil mainly distribute in middle and inferior part of mucous and the B lymphocytes mainly in middle and mucous between 4~7 days. Whereafter T, B lymphocytes equably distribute in mucous. CD4~+ cells arrange tightly and mainly occupy the central part in aggregates of T lymphocytes in esophago tonsil and CD8~+ lymphocytes mainly distribute in periphery. Meanwhile B lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of T lymphocytes. The aggregates of B lymphocytes is mainly the germinal center with lots of IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells. Meanwihle T lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of B lymphocytes.5. There is an intimate relationship between the development of tissue structure of peripheral immune organs and lymphcytopoiesis. The maturation of tissue structure is stimulated by the immigration of lymphocytes and the mature tissue structure provides place where lymphocytes grow mature and functionate.

脾脏在21日龄时达到稳定，食管扁桃体和盲肠扁桃体均在35日龄时达到稳定；脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞则以IgG~+细胞为主，并在7日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞以IgM~+细胞为主，并在35日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；21日龄后，食管扁桃体中B淋巴细胞以IgA~+细胞为主，数量超过CD3~+细胞，CD4~+细胞的数量多于CD8~+细胞。4、在T、B淋巴细胞组织定位方面，脾脏中CD3~+、CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中，而IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞主要分布在椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中；4～7日龄时，盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞主要分布在粘膜固有层的中下部区域，而B淋巴细胞则主要分布在中上部区域，随后各日龄T、B淋巴细胞均匀地分布在粘膜固有层中；在食管扁桃体的T淋巴细胞聚集物中，CD4~+细胞紧密排列，主要占据中央部位，CD8~+细胞主要散布在外周，同时B淋巴细胞又环绕在整个T淋巴细胞聚集物的外周；B淋巴细胞聚集物主要为生发中心，其中存在大量IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞，同时T淋巴细胞又环绕在整个B淋巴细胞聚集物的外周。5、外周免疫器官的组织结构发育和淋巴细胞发生之间存在密切的关系，淋巴细胞迁入淋巴器官刺激组织结构的发育成熟，同时成熟的组织结构又为淋巴细胞发育成熟并行使功能活动提供场所。

Methods 54 patients with esophageal and cardia cancer were underwent resection with Gambee＇s single layer lip-shaped anastomosis, including esophagogastrostomy in 43 cases and esophagojejunostomy in 11 cases.

54例食管癌、贲门癌患者采用食管胃、空肠唇状单层Gambee法吻合，食管胃吻合43例，食管空肠吻合11例。

The value of preopera- tive esophageal insufflation test, indications of this procedure, the advantages of the new surgical technique, and possible factors affecting successful TE speech were discussed. The TE fistula with using voice prosthesis technique has proved to be a rela- tively simple, safe and effective method of alaryn- geal speech rehabilitation.

本文就手术适应症、术前食管充气试验的意义，新手术技术的优点及影响气管—食管语言功能的因素等进行了讨论，认为行气管—食管造瘘术并应用发音管是—简单、安全、有效的无喉语言重建方法。

Barrett's esophagus, the most important risk factor in the deelopment of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, is a metaplastic condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by columnar or glandular epithelium.

Barrett食管，是食管的正常的鳞状上皮被柱状或腺状上皮所取代的一种化生状态，为食管腺癌的发生中的最重要的危险因素。

In the recent 20 years, the morbility of esophageal adenocarcinoma raised markedly in western countries. The reason of these histological changes was correlated with the increasing incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal Barrett metaplasia which was caused by the former.

近 20年来，西方国家食管腺癌的发病率明显上升，这种组织学变化的原因，可能与其患胃食管反流的发生率升高，以及由之产生的食管的 Barrett 化生有关。

Methods In 19 patients with nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistulas in intensive care unit, 9 patients accepted PEG tubes inserted by push technique. The remaining 10 patients accepted the insert of self-expandable metallic stents and the stents were extracted 2 months later with the complete mucosal healing confirmed by endoscopy and typical swallow-cough sign.

19例良性气管食管瘘患者，9例行PEG留置造瘘管、10例行内镜下食管覆膜自膨式金属支架植入术，2个月后经内镜将金属支架取出，以吞咽—咳嗽征检测气管食管瘘是否完全愈合。

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of sandostatin for rebleeding of esophageal varicosis treated by endoscopic varical band ligation. Methods 82 patients with cirrhosis after hepatitis B complicated with esophageal variceal bleeding were divided into EVL group and EVL group + sandostatin group. The therapeutic effects of the two methods were compared for esophageal varicosis.

目的探讨善宁对食管静脉曲张套扎术后再出血的防治作用方法82例乙型病毒性肝炎后肝硬化并食管静脉曲张随机分套扎组和套扎+善宁组，比较两治疗方法对食管静脉曲张的治疗效果。

Methods insert the stomach tube nasal cavity, with the help of intubating ferceps, take the stomach tube out of mouth cavity from the posterior wall of dysphagia, insert trachea catheter (cid 7.0~7.5) to esophagus, under the help of trachea catheter, insert the stomach tube to esophagus then take the trachea catheter out of the esophagus and vertical, cutting off, in the course of into esophagus.

经鼻腔插入胃管，用插管钳将胃管从咽后壁前取出口腔外，用id 7.0～7.5的气管导管插入食管，在气管导管诱导下将胃管经气管导管插入食管，然后将胃管向食管内送进，同时将气管导管退出，将胃管置入相当合适的深度后，固定胃管。

Methods The esophargus wall 32~35cm from the incisor was cauterized circumferentially with a electric current of 40J/s through an endoscope. 8 adult dogs west used. The morphological changes were examined endoscopically and microscopically at the end of 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week.

健康成年犬8只，麻醉后放置食管套管，胃镜下用电热活检钳（混合电流40J/s）环形烧灼距门齿32~35cm处食管，每周复查胃镜观察食管狭窄情况及黏膜变化，并钳取组织进行病理分析。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。