食管

Methods: Expression of Ki-67 was determined in 59 cases of Barrett's esophagus, 5 severe reflux esophagitis, 5 esophageal a...

应用免疫组化SP法测定59例Barrett食管、5例重度反流性食管炎、5例食管腺癌和10例正常食管黏膜组织中Ki-67的表达。

Methods:The foreign body in esophagus was removed through esophagoscope after it was identified with Electronic Gastroscopy which was used in the case of no detailed medical history and unconfirmed diagnosis.

本例患者食管异物史提供不清，在没有明确诊断时，采用电子胃镜检查，确诊食管异物后，于食管镜下作食管异物取出术。

Methods:from 1988 to 2004, 26 patients (25 males and 1femal, aged from 28～72 years old) with esophagus rupture were treated. among the 26 cases, 2 cases received conservative treatment; 6 cases' esophaguses were slit to extirpate heterogeneous things; 3 cases received thorax and mediastinal conduction added gastrostomy or jejunostomy; 14 cases received esophagus hernioplasty; 1case was put the metallic bracket into esophagus and then received esophagus resection and esophagus -gastric anastomosis in the second period.

1988～2004年收治食管破裂患者26例，其中男25例，女1例，年龄28～72岁。26例患者中，2例保守治疗，6例切开食管摘取异物，3例行胸腔、纵隔引流加空肠及胃造瘘术，14例行食管修补术，1例行食管内带膜金属支架植入，二期再行食管切除食管胃吻合术。

One of the foremost figures in the field of laryngology, Jackson developed the method for the removal of foreign bodies from the lungs and other passages by insertion of tubes through the mouth. For these purposes he devised first an esophagus scope and later a bronchoscope. In his Philadelphia bronchoscope clinic he trained numerous students and physicians in his techniques.

对于从事气管食管科学的医生和研究人员来说，有一个人是永远不应当被忘记的，他就是美国19世纪著名的耳鼻咽喉科医生薛瓦利埃·杰克逊，他研制和推广使用的气管食管镜检查技术沿用至今，使从事气管食管学的医生、麻醉师和胸外科医生从中受益，使无数气管食管异物患者起死回生，他诲人不倦、甘为人梯的育人品格也值得我们学习和借鉴。

Results 25 protuberances from outside organ (spleen, n=19; aorta, n=4; left hepatic lobe, n=1 and cyst of pancreatic tail, n=1) and 92 SMTs were detected by EUS including 63 myogenic ones (esophageal, n=34; gastric, n=29), 9 etopic pancreases in stomach, 8 esophgeal cysts, 3 varices in gastric fundus, 3 gastric lymphomas, 2 gastric lipomas, 2 Menetrier ' s disorders, 1 esophageal lipoma and varix each.

结果发现外压性改变25例（其中脾脏19例，主动脉弓4例，肝左叶、胰尾囊肿各1例）；粘膜下肿瘤92例，包括肌源性肿瘤63例（食管34例、胃29例），胃异位胰腺9例，食管囊肿8例，胃底静脉瘤3例，胃淋巴瘤3例，胃脂肪瘤2例，巨大胃粘膜肥厚症2例，食管脂肪瘤、食管静脉瘤各1例。

Results In all these cases, there are 83 cases origin from mucous membrane which include inflammation, tumor and anabrosis; 24 cases origin below mucous membrane which include interstitialoma, lymphoma and scleroderma;38 cases mainly changed in the shape, structure and position of organs which include hiatus hernia, Oblique inguinal hernia, diverticulum, malrotation of intestine and megacolon; 29 cases mainly changed in the power and function of organs which include functional disorder of esophagus, mesentery-compressed syndrome funtional disorder of small intestine and irritable colon; 17 cases' performance caused by the factor outside intestinal canal which include mesentery shift, stomach shift and small intestine shift, and other cases which include fistula between esophagus and mediastinum, rectovaginal fistula, foreign body in esophagus and small intestine ascariasis.

结果：197例患者中，源于黏膜的病变83例，源于黏膜下的病变24例（包括间质瘤、淋巴瘤、硬皮病），以器官形态、结构、位置改变为主的病变38例（包括食管裂孔疝、腹股沟斜疝、憩室、肠旋转不良、巨结肠），以器官动力、功能改变为主的病变29例（包括食管功能紊乱、肠系膜压迫综合征、小肠功能紊乱、结肠过敏），因管腔外因素的影响而引起的改变17例（包括食管移位、胃移位、小肠移位），其他病变6例（包括食管纵隔瘘、直肠阴道瘘、食管异物、小肠蛔虫症）。

Methods: The expression of GHR were detected by immunohistochemistry technique in cancer specimens and paired normal esophageal tissue from 50 patients with esophageal or cardial cancer.

应用免疫组织化学的方法测定50例食管贲门癌标本及其附近正常食管粘膜中GHR表达情况，分析食管贲门癌组织和正常食管粘膜中GHR表达及其与临床、病理因素的关系。

The results of study show:1. White pulp and red pulp in parenchyma of spleen of embryo can be obviously discerned after 18 days. Periarterial lymphoid sheath and ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath also can be obviously discerned in spleen of 4 days chicken. T, B lymphocytes in appendix basement of embryo emerge after 20 days. It is the initial shape of cecal tonsil. Crypt structure of conjunction of esophago and stomachus glandularis form obviously at 4 days. It is the initial shape of esophago tonsil. The germinal center firstly emerges in these three organs at 14 days. With the increase of day age, the characteristic structure peripheral immune organs gradually develop mature. Spleen achieve mature at 21 days and cecal tonsil at 35 days.2. IgM~+ and IgA~+ cells in spleen of embryo emerge at 15 days. IgG~+ cell, CD3~+ and CD8~+T lymphocytes of embryo emerge at 20 days. CD3~+, CD8~+ and IgM~+ cells in cecal tonsil of embryo emerge at 20 days. However CD4~+, IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells all emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust. CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+, IgM~+ and IgG~+ cells in esophago tonsil of embryo all emerge at 20 days. However IgA~+ cells emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust.3. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in peripheral immune organs increase follow with the increase of day age, and hold an upgrade tendency. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in spleen achieved stabilization at 21 days, and in tonsil of esophago and appendix at 35 days.

研究结果表明：1、在组织结构方面，脾脏实质内的白髓与红髓在胚胎18日龄后明显可辨，4日龄雏鸡脾脏中形成明显可辨的动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球周围淋巴鞘；盲肠基部T、B淋巴细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，即初步形成盲肠扁桃体；食管与腺胃结合处在4日龄时形成明显的隐窝结构，即食管扁桃体初步形成；14日龄时，三种器官中首次出现生发中心；随着日龄的增长，外周免疫器官特征结构不断发育成熟，脾脏在21日龄时达到成熟水平，盲肠扁桃体和食管扁桃体在35日龄时达到成熟水平。2、在T、B淋巴细胞出现时间方面，脾脏中IgM~+和IgA~+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现，IgG~+细胞、CD3~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现，CD4~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时出现；盲肠扁桃体中CD3~+、CD8~+和IgM~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而CD4~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞均在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现；食管扁桃体中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、IgM~+和IgG~+细胞均在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而IgA~+细胞则在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现。3、在T、B淋巴细胞数量变化方面，外周免疫器官中T、B淋巴细胞的数量随日龄增长，整体均呈上升趋势。

Objective:To summarize the nutritional supporting experiences in anastomotic leakage following esophagogastrostomy or esophagojejunostomy after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma and to increase the level of treatment of anastomotic leakage following esophagogastrostomy or esophagojejunostomy.

目的：总结胃癌切除术后食管胃或食管空肠吻合口漏的营养支持经验，以提高对食管胃或食管空肠吻合口漏的治疗水平。

Following sacrifice, some vomicas containing yellow and white liquor puris on the chest wall of 4 pigs were observed, which were wrapped but did not communicate the thoracic cavity. One artificial esophagus was not in place but found in the stomach. One artificial esophagus was twisted and formed an esophagus diverticulum. The false passage around the prosthesis formed so long as the animals survived more than 1 week, which was called as neo-esophagus.

动物处死后，从原胸壁切口开始进胸，4只动物见胸壁存在小脓腔，腔内见黄白色脓液，已包裹，与胸腔不相通，1只动物人工食管脱落后滞留于胃内；1只动物因术中吻合时缝合的人工食管过多且边距不均匀，导致人工食管扭曲，形成食管内嵌。1周时间人工食管周围形成假道，即&新生食管&，包绕人工食管。②

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。