风险资本

Research of the contradictories and theirevolvement is the emphasis and nodus in this paper. Contradictories includesauthorities and institution, multi-value and moral risk, harmony and competition, theyare represented as unbalanced transformation among authorities, capital and benefits;deviation between institutional rule and living logic; individual rationality andcollective choice; commonland tragedy; inside controlling and power renting.

系统中的矛盾及其演化分析是研究的重点和难点，主要从权力与制度、多维价值与道德风险、和谐与竞争三个角度展开，其中，权力与制度层面的矛盾包括权力、资本与利益的非均衡转化以及制度规则与生活逻辑的背离；多维价值与道德风险中包括个人理性与集体选择、公地悲剧、内部人控制与权力寻租。

This study tries to combine the two characteristics─risk management and rate setting of banks to discuss how capital regulation and deposit insurance rate affect bank's optimal interest margin and default risk.

本研究将把银行的两项特色-风险评估与利率制定作一结合，并且会纳入政府管制，来探讨资本存款比与存款保险将如何影响银行的最适放款利率与违约风险。

Development history and current situation of the China's household electrical appliance industry both lead to the risk of being listed companies in this industry.

我国家电行业的发展历程和现状决定了我国家电行业上市公司的风险现状。一个企业的风险是和该企业的资本结构相关的。

This article estimates the extreme loss distribution with extreme value theory, estimates the shape parameter with HKKP estimator, which is unbiased to small sample data, selects the right threshold by selecting smallest mean square error of the estimated cumulative distribution function and empirical cumulative distribution function and based on the extreme value theory method, this article estimates the extreme loss distribution and the p-percentile operational loss under certain believe range for Chinese commercial banks, then calculates the operational risk supervise capital.

本文利用极值理论对中国商业银行操作损失极端值分布进行估计，针对尾参数估计的来用传统Hill佑计对小样本数据容易产生偏倚的情况，提出了采用Hill佑计的改进―小样本无偏估计的HKKP佑计来估计操作损失的尾参数，针对由于阈值确定不准确导致结果偏差大的情况，采用最小化估计的累计概率分布与经验累计概率分布平均平方误差的方法确定较精确的阈值，估计出给定置信水平下操作风险损失的分位数，从而使得中国商业银行操作风险监管资本的测定成为可能。

Philipp Hildebrand, vice-chairman of the Swiss National Bank, who spent five years at Moore Capital, a hedge fund, argues that prime brokers need tools to assess the aggregate risk exposure of their biggest hedge-fund clients to the entire universe of their peers.

瑞士国家银行的副主席菲利普·希尔德布兰德在摩尔资本管理公司对对冲基金花了五年心血，他认为经济人们需要一些手段来对付不断聚集的风险，这些风险来自他们最大的对冲基金客户。

In the reward incentive, the status of entrepreneur in the enterprise and the methods of incentive compensation are studied.

全额资本的一次性投资有可能承受较高的代理风险，因此，风险投资家在投资时一般采用多阶段投资方法。

Risks of venture capital firms mainly stem from a large number of indefiniteness in the course of operating capital.

风险投资公司的风险，主要源于其资本运营过程中存在的大量不确定性。

And the securitization cannot solve the problems of adverse selections, etc. The market failure of catastrophic insurance market necessitates the government intervention, and the expansion of the definition of insurability to the whole economy, including public sector, supports the intervention theoretically.

巨灾风险证券化部分解决了商业保险市场资本相对不足的问题，但费用高昂和流动性差等因素限制了巨灾证券的应用，并且对于诸如逆选择等限制巨灾风险可保性的因素巨灾证券化无能为力。

Currently,supervision is the key factor that constrains the development of financial reinsurance in China.

第四，证券化可以将保险风险转移到资本市场，更好的达到风险分散的目的，在我国具有重要发展意义。

Insurance securitization is the development of asset securitization in insurance area; scilicet the insurer turns risk that it faces but cannot manage well to the capital market by using of securitization, and realize valid control of integrated risk.

保险证券化是资产证券化在保险领域中的延伸和运用，即保险公司通过证券化方式，将其面临但并不具备管理优势的风险转移到资本市场，从而实现对公司整体风险的有效管控。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。