风险

We draw a conclusion that the risk-oriented internal audit's function in the risk management including evaluate the sufficiency of risk recognition, evaluate the appropriateness of the risk assessment, evaluate the properness of the risk-avoid measure, understanding the acceptable risk level of management, and report the risk management appraisal situation to the management regularly.

本文认为，风险导向内部审计在风险管理中起到了评估风险识别的充分性、评价已有风险评估的恰当性、评估风险防范措施的妥善性、了解管理层对风险的接受水平以及定期向管理层汇报风险管理评估情况等的作用。

This thesis, titled "under the Exchange rate marketization of RMB a probe into exchange rate risk management from the enterprises' standpoint ", on the basis of some basic concepts and theory about exchange rate risk , mainly discusses the significance and exigency of study exchange rate risk management in corporation of china , and raises some proposals in such aspects as removing obstacles, optimizing exchange rate risk management system and establishing the mechanism of previous tergiversation exchange rate risk. In addition, the thesis analyzes the risks that will be encountered in the development of exchange rate marketization of RMB and offers solutions to these risks.

本文选择《人民币汇率市场化下的企业汇率风险管理研究》为题，在介绍汇率风险的基本知识和相关概念、企业对汇率风险管理基本理念的基础上，结合我国实际，分析了我国涉外企业在目前人民币汇率机制改革、人民币汇率逐步市场化的前提背景下汇率风险管理的必要性和紧迫性，提出逐步完善企业汇率风险管理系统，建立企业内部风险预警机制运行模式的建议、并对人民币汇率市场化下企业所面临的汇率风险进行了分析，提出了相应的对策。

The significance of risk classification were discussed, and the current several classific methods of risk were analyzed, and then risks were divided into political risk, economic risk, social risk, ecological risk, cultural risk from the perspective of development. And elaborate these kinds of risks from two aspects both the theory and practices.

然后从发展理论的角度把风险分为政治风险、经济风险、社会风险、生态风险、文化风险，并从理论和实践两方面对这几种风险加以论述。

It tells particularly the debris flow"s the encironment and the development characteristic by numbers . And according to its character , selecting the latest research results at present , the anthor calculates the debris flow"s the moving , dynamical characteristics and the scale , such as , the velocity of flow , the wallop , the peak value flux , and the total flux . And the anthor calculates density in different design frequency by the empirical formula method . In the text, the author uses the modle of evaluating a single gully to evaluate the risk of the debris flow . First , the author calculates the hazard degree in different design frequency , and forecasts the risk range of debris flow in Shenjia gully based on the maximum pile thickness and the total solid amount of a denbris flow . Then , on the basis of the risk range in different design frequency , the author carries out the damageability and risk assessment . The basic purpose of risk management is reducing risk or transferring risk , reducing the loss of life and property . The text constructs the system of risk management of debris flow in Shenjia gully , basis on the condition of Shenjia gully .

本文从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文等方面系统地阐述了深家沟泥石流的发育环境及发育特征；分别从形成区、流通区、堆积区对深家沟流域特征进行描述；依据泥石流沟自身特点，选用现阶段最新的研究成果，推算了不同设计频率下的深家沟泥石流流速、峰值流量、总流量、冲击力等动力特征和规模数据；并且根据经验公式法来确定深家沟不同设计频率下的泥石流容重；本文采用单沟泥石流风险评价模型对深家沟泥石流进行风险评价，首先对不同的设计频率下的深家沟泥石流进行危险度评价，根据最大堆积厚度与一次泥石流冲出量来预测不同频率下的泥石流危险范围，然后，根据预测的评估范围，评价对应范围内的易损度，最后作出风险评价；城镇泥石流风险管理的根本目的是降低风险或转移风险，减少生命财产的损失，本论文根据泸定深家沟泥石流的具体情况，构建了深家沟泥石流风险管理体系。

However, it lead to more risks, especially interest rate risk, including high-rate risk, adaptation risk, reprising risk, basis risk, optionality risk, yield curve risk.

更多风险主要表现在高利率风险、适应性风险、重新定价风险、基准风险、选择权风险、收益曲线风险等方面。

Secondly, the paper systematically introduces the theory of risk and risk management. This paper discusses the risk identification, risk analysis and estimate, risk rely, supervision and control of risks, and tries to make the risk management systemize.

其次，系统的介绍了风险和项目风险管理理论，对风险识别、风险分析和评估、风险应对、风险监控等四个阶段进行了深入探讨，尝试将风险管理的过程系统化和制度化。

The risk what stock trade affronts is a special behave that common risk represents in the stock field. So,in order to structure the risk management system in securities corporations,its very important to review and analyze gradually the risk main body in stock trade,risk environment,managing feature and the actuality faced in daily actions,it also important to review and compare the risk management process in stock trade in China and beyond the sea.

证券业所面临的风险又是一般意义上的风险在证券领域的特殊表现，因此，对证券业的风险主体和风险环境、证券公司的经营特性以及在日常经营活动中所面对的风险现状进行逐层深入地了解和分析，并对我国及海外证券业的风险管理进程进行考察、比较，是构建证券公司风险管理系统的基本前提和必要准备。

Through the comparison of different conditions in multi-angle repeated test, we observe the disaccording path of risk preferences. The main content of this thesis are as follows. Firstly, we design 2 sessions of experiments to find the impact of the softening budget constraint and the form of endowment on the risk preference. Besides, this thesis also includes several experimental comparative studies, focusing on the dynamical inconsistency of risk preference as well as its drifting path.

主要包括：首先设置预算软约束与风险偏好基础实验，考察影响投资者决策的主要因素，观测预算约束的软化和初始禀赋形式，对投资者预期及风险偏好的影响；其次，设置多期平面投资下的风险偏好实验，考察风险偏好是否存在着动态不一致现象，以及不同被试者的风险偏好漂移路径；最后，设置动态追加投资下的风险偏好实验，观测沉没成本、及与预算软约束的双重作用对风险偏好动态变化的影响。

The investment wades the risk; the risk factor includes and may bring about the interest rate motion risk, which will influence the investment profit, market price risk, purchasing power risk, business management risk and financial structure risk etc.

投资涉风险，风险因素包括可能对投资收益产生影响的利率波动风险、市场价格风险、购买力风险、企业经营风险和财务结构风险等。

In this paper, the status quo of the Risk Management of the domestic and foreign research as well as applications of our city Yikatong projects was reviewed. The basic concepts and several commonly used methods of risk indentify, risk evaluation and risk control, were introduced. And present situation of the project management research was summarized. Which is mainly: The methods of risk indentify: Brain Storm, Delphi and Situation Analysis; The method of risk evaluation: Fuzzy-Synthesis

本文对项目风险管理在国内外的研究现状以及在我国城市一卡通项目中的应用进行了综述，介绍了它的基本概念及其常用的几种风险识别、风险评价和风险应对和监控的方法，总结了城市一卡通项目中风险管理的研究现状，主要为：风险识别的方法：头脑风暴法、德尔菲法和情景分析法；风险评价的方法：模糊综合评价法。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。