风险

The business enterprise buys the risk to mainly have also four kinds of:Evaluate the risk, financial risk, the management risk and the integration risks, business enterprise also buy the risk to have the long-term, delitescence, dynamic state, conductibility, layer and many source end to guard against the business enterprise and bought the risk to put forward what time suggestion, such as:Also before buy wanted the quilt and bought the condition of the business enterprise reality to do the thorough understanding;Buy and should be careful to the multinational also;Want to value to the government behavior risk;Value and integration buy behind.

企业并购风险主要有四种：评估风险、财务风险、经营风险和整合风险，企业并购风险具有长期性、潜伏性、动态性、传导性、层次性和多源性最后对防范企业并购风险提出了几点建议，如：并购前要被并购企业真实的状况做深入了解；对跨国并购应该谨慎；对政府行为风险要重视；重视并购后的整合。关键字企业并购企业并购风险防范

The part analyzes profit and free-rent period through discussing probability of house in-and-out quantity in profit risk, proposes the risk management measures of cash supervisory mechanism and selectivity financing in capital gap risk, putts forward the measures of liquidity gap forecast, improving credit and adopting different free-rent period in house liquidity risk, and introduces the credit swap to transfer leaseholder default risk.

本部分主要分析了房屋置业中心的四个风险，分别是收益风险，通过引入给定时间段内的房屋存贷量的概率分布分析了房屋置业中心的收益风险和空租期的确定；资金缺口风险，并提出现金监理机制和选择性融资的风险预防措施；房屋流动风险，提出流动缺口预测、提升自身形象、采用不同空租期的风险管理措施；承租人的支付风险，主要引入了信用掉期合同来转移这种风险。

This paper first in introduction in have analysed commercial bank financial risk the necessariness of avoiding , then the meaning for commercial bank financial risk have made simple expound , and have discussed commercial bank financial risk the importance that avoided , then, have enumerated the 4 expression types of commercial bank financial risk, the 3th in paper is partial to have analysed the external reason and internal reason that produces financial risk , avoids idea and establishment finally since cultivating commercial bank financial risk to improve suitable accounting management system , found financial risk the supervisor guarantee that avoided systematic, perfect risk disclosure and report system and raising the 5 aspects such as the quality of bank people have discussed commercial bank financial risk emphatically avoid strategy.

本文首先在绪论中分析了商业银行财务风险规避的必要性，接着对商业银行财务风险的含义作了简单的阐明，并论述了商业银行财务风险规避的重要性，然后列举了商业银行财务风险的四个表现类型，在论文的第三部份分析了产生财务风险的外部原因与内部原因，最后从培育商业银行财务风险规避观念、建立健全适宜的会计管理体制、构建财务风险规避的监督保障系统、完善风险披露和报告制度及提高银行人员的素质等五个方面着重论述了商业银行财务风险的规避策略。

Exploration of the macro-management in agricultural risk:(1) Discern and define risk patterns and risk system with open complex giant system theory, then summarize four major risk systematic patterns: Namely systematic levels of risk distribution, risk convergent sport, risk transmit sport and risk scatteration.

农业风险宏观管理的探索：（1）用开放的复杂巨系统理论来定义风险系统和识别风险运动规律，总结概括出了风险系统运动的四大规律：即风险分布的系统层次性、风险发生发展过程的汇聚规律、风险运动的系统传递规律和风险系统中的风险扩散规律。

Chapter!? expounds the five main aspect of risk in national commercial bank, i.e..signal liability structure,bad loan quality, low capital efficiency, imperfect restriction on interior power, thin consciousness on risk avoidance;summarizes five characters of the bank risks, including risk concentration, moral risk, risks caused by system structure, inequi ty between bank risks and revenues, aggrandizement trend of bank risks;analysis eight reasons for bank risks, including proprietary ownership voidance,macroeconomic fluctuation, ineffective capita buffer mechanism, enterprise reasons.no synchronous fiscal investment and financial reform, incompetence law and regulation enforcement.

紧接着在第三章阐述了我国国有商业银行风险的"五大表现"，即负债结构单一、信贷资产质量差、资本充足率低、内部控制机制薄弱、防范风险的意识淡薄；总结了我国国有商业银行风险的"五大特点"，即风险高度集中、风险人为匿藏、风险的体制性、风险与收益严重不对称、风险呈继续扩大态势；剖析了我国国有商业银行风险形成的"八大因素"，即金融产权"人格"虚设、宏观经济波动、资本金等缓冲机制不健全、财政、投资和金融的体制改革不配套、法律和法规不健全等。

The thought of slope safety and landslide prevention based on risk management processes is discussed from the risk factors identification, risk assessment, risk control, and risk prevention measures of the landslide in this paper, and it is pointed out that the risk management technique is a efficient method, which helps manager to cope with the possible risk preparedly and rationally and to adopt measures to reduce the risk in a maximum limit and finally to avoid and reduce the loss of property finally.

从滑坡的风险因素识别、风险评价、风险控制、滑坡风险防范措施等风险管理流程入手，对基于风险管理技术的边坡安全与滑坡预防思想进行了论述，指出应用风险管理技术是帮助管理者有准备地、理性地面对所可能遇见的风险，并采取措施最大限度地减少风险，最终减少或避免财产损失和人员伤亡的预防手段。

The main contributions of this research lie in that, Firstly, with reference to major research in this field, the study does not confine itself to the common methods used. With the study of the foundermental financial institutions as a starting analysis point, it helps to broaden the view of international academic research on operational risks, and deepen the understanding of the intensions, characteristics and attributes of commercial banking operational risks. Secondly, studying operational risks on the basis of the unique economic and institutional conditions of China and utilizing the concept of operational risks to redissect the risk structure of SOBs contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the root risk structure of China's financial risks and the practical difficulties encountered in the governance of SOBs. It also helps to implore how to combine the international standard rules with the economic development and the financial system reform.

本研究的主要意义在于：第一，博采众长，不拘泥于现有银行风险研究方法，从对基本金融制度的探讨展开分析，有助于拓宽学术界研究操作风险的视角，同时也深化了对商业银行操作风险的内涵、特征和属性的认识；第二，立足中国国情研究操作风险，利用操作风险概念重新解析国有商业银行风险结构，有助于更全面地理解中国金融风险的深层结构和中国国有银行治理的真正困难，为探索如何将国际通行规则与中国经济发展和金融体制改革有机结合开辟了新思路；第三，在理论研究和实证研究的基础上，为商业银行操作风险管理和监管部门监管提供对策，对于操作风险管理和监管的现实操作具有借鉴意义。

Chapter 9 is conclusion and future prospect. There are five innovative findings in the paper. Firstly, the evolvement of extensions and connotations of two reengineering styles is analyzed based on their high risk, and finding their trends of amalgamation. With this, the concept of corporation reengineering is then redefined combining core competence theory and ideas of process change management, and decompounding it into two parts: pre-reengineering and post-reengineering. Its inner relationships are analyzed and explained by economics theory. Secondly, establishing a analysis framework of reengineering risks, risk factors of foreign BPR are analyzed and concluded systematically for the first time. Reengineering risks are divided into three parts: plan, design and executive based on process and project management, then risk factors system is abstracted. Thirdly, 72 reengineering corporations in Jiangsu province are investigated on risk condition. Furthermore, risk factors in every part are analyzed and reduced experimentally by factor analysis method, and a risk factors system to suit Chinese corporation's reengineering is established. Fourthly, setting up a choice model of reengineering projects, the objective optimization model is presented to ascertain the weigh of each factor, a method of sequencing reengineering projects is presented so that risk of each reengineering project can be evaluated and compared effectively. Fifthly, an integration relationship model among IT, BPR and strategy is established aiming at productivity paradox derivative from IT and its dual effects on BPR, IT investment priorities in BPR is narrated deeply.

本论文的创新点体现在五个方面：1）基于上述两种重组方式的高风险性，对它们的外延和内涵演变进行了分析，发现它们日益融合的趋势；然后结合核心能力理论和流程变革管理的思想对企业重组的概念进行了界定，将其分为&前重组&和&后重组&两部分，并对其内部关系进行了详细分析，同时应用经济学理论对其进行了解释。2）建立了重组风险的分析框架，并首次较为全面地分析和归纳了国外企业重组的风险因素，根据重组的过程和步骤以及项目管理的观点，将重组风险划分为计划、设计和执行3个部分，并在此基础上提炼出企业重组的风险指标体系。3）运用现场访谈、问卷调查的方法，调查了江苏省72家企业重组的风险情况，然后利用因子分析法对每一部分的每一风险因素进行实证分析，对风险指标进行了约减，建立了比较完善的适合我国企业的重组风险指标体系。4）建立了重组变革方案的选择模型，然后针对不同的重组方案提出了确定指标权重的目标优化模型，并基于三角模糊数之间两两比较的可能度概念，提出了一种重组方案排序法，从而可以有效地对各种变革方案的风险进行评估和比较。5）针对信息技术所造成的&生产率悖论&现象及其对重组的双重影响，建立了信息技术、企业重组和企业战略之间的整合关系模型，并对重组中信息技术投资的优先权问题进行了深入的阐述。

Finally puts forth the concrete measures about how to prevent the risk, namely avoidances the risk through giving up risk program and activity of business, and releasing risk unit and person, transfers the risk through insurance, guarantee, business agency and exonerating responsibility with contracts, quasi-prevents risk damage through perfecting information system, strengthening management on institution, strengthening encouragement, alleviating staffs pressure and strengthening enterprise"s cultural construction, inhibits risk damage through taking prevention measures before and after the risk events, so can prevent the risk greatly, and helps realizing enterprise"s general goal.

最后提出了企业人力资源管理风险防范的具体对策，即通过放弃风险项目和活动及免除风险单位和个体等对策回避风险，通过保险、担保、业务外包和开脱责任合同等对策转移风险，通过完善信息系统、加强制度管理、加强激励、缓解员工压力和加强企业文化建设等对策预防风险损失，通过采取风险事前对策和事后对策抑制风险损失，从而最大限度发挥风险防范的作用，为企业实现总体目标保驾护航。

This paper is divided into five parts, the first part begins with the content of science and technology risks, satiating the relations between technology risk and social risk, introducing the risk of the related social theory sisterly; the second part satiates the causes of the science and technology from internal and external factors; the third part illustrates the risks of science and technology system in contemporary Western society , the Western countries not only reflection in theory, but also try to prose in practice; the fourth part illustrates the characteristics of contemporary Chinese society and the Regulation situation of Technology Risk; the fifth part, making technology risk measures and proposals for China's regulations.

本文分为五部分，第一部分，从风险与科技风险的内涵入手论述科技风险与风险社会的关系，系统地介绍一下风险社会的相关理论；第二部分，从内部因素和外部因素两方面来论述，探析科技风险产生的原因；第三部分，介绍当代西方社会规制科技风险的工作，西方国家不仅进行理论的反思，而且也着手实践的尝试；第四部分，介绍中国当代社会的特征与规制科技风险的工作现状；第五部分，论述中国规制科技风险的措施与建议。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。