风化的

In the aspects of research method, we took the method of preparing sol at first and then impregnating the wood to obtain ceramic-wood composite; this method made the wood use efficiently and increased the wood's weight gain percent. The ceramic-wood composite with performances of well decay resistance, dimensional stability, effloresce resistance and high strength was obtained by importing the cymene to the net of gel as the result of co-hydroxylation between MTES and TEOS. Making use of XPS ,we found that the apex of Si2p、O1s、C1s had evident chemical shift , which validated the existence of Si-O-C bonding.Key Words: Sol-gel, Ceramic-wood composite, Modified sol, Ecomaterials

在工艺方法上，采用先制备溶胶，然后浸注木材的工艺方法具有原料利用率高、提高增重率的优点；采用甲基三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯共水解的方法，将甲基引入陶瓷化复合木材的凝胶内部，所制备的材料具有尺寸稳定性好、具有耐风化和耐腐朽性，强度高的特点；首次利用X射线光电子能谱，发现了Si2p、O1s和C1s谱峰发生了明显的化学位移，证实了Si－O－C键合作用的存在。

The study's findings indicate: the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone is mainly lined with compaction rate, pore distribution and condition of being linked with grains and the above factors have a more notable impact on its unconfined compressive strength; grains' area ratio and Euler number decrease as a whole, pores' directionality gradually increases, stability of its internal structure reduces.

研究结果表明：红砂岩的单轴抗压强度主要与密实程度、微孔洞等缺陷的分布情况及颗粒之间的联结状态有关，随着红砂岩风化程度的增强，以上各因素对其单轴抗压强度的影响将更加显著；随荷载的增加，红砂岩的颗粒面积比例及欧拉数总体上趋于减小，孔隙分布分维趋于增大，内部结构的稳定性不断降低。

The findings indicate that under uniaxial compression, the red sandstones at first experience structural intensification and then structural degradation until they are failed; the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone is mainly related with compaction rate, pore distribution and connecting condition of mineral grains; and the above factors have a more notable impact on the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone with the increase of weathering; with the increase of load, the grains area ratio and Euler number decrease, the pore develops towards centralization or collectivization, and the red sandstones gradually lose their resistance to deformation.

研究结果表明：在单轴压缩条件下，红砂岩先结构强化，后结构劣化，直至最终破坏；红砂岩的单轴抗压强度主要与密实程度、微孔洞等缺陷的分布情况及矿物颗粒之间的联结状态有关，随着红砂岩风化程度的增强，以上各因素对其单轴抗压强度的影响将更加显著；伴随荷载的增加，红砂岩的矿物颗粒面积比例及欧拉数总体上趋于减小，孔隙向着集中化和集团化的趋势发展，红砂岩抗变形能力逐步丧失。

Due to an abundant rainfall and frequent rainstorm, and geographical characteristics of mountain and hills, the potential erosive dynamics of soil erosion is strong. The low resistant erosion ability of ground substance, especially in granite weathering crust and purple rock and its soil are the inner causes of severe soil erosion. The utilization of natural resource of mankind was increased due to characteristics of social and economic environment of the province. The unreasonable land utilization caused vegetation destroy, which is the key factor of soil erosion.

丰沛的降雨和频繁的暴雨，以及多山地丘陵的地形特征，为土壤侵蚀提供了强大的侵蚀潜在动力；抗侵蚀性较弱的地面组成物质，特别是花岗岩和紫色岩风化壳及其土壤，是造成土壤侵蚀特别严重的内在原因；而社会经济环境特点使人类利用自然资源强度增加，出现了一系列土地利用不合理现象，导致其中植被破坏，是造成土壤侵蚀的决定性因子。

On the basis of making it clear that laterization includes such three integrated stages as weathering, micro-granularity and soil formation of laterite, the thesis illuminates characteristics of Kunming laterite in chemical composition, physical mechanics, composition of granules, fractal dimension of granularity and the connection of granules. The experiment using soil reinforced agent to solidify the laterite shows that the mechanical traits of laterite have been improved because of its involvement, the best compact indicators and shear strength ones increased and the indicators of laterites penetrability and compression decreased. The effects of reinforcement can be weighed through its coefficient and the mechanism of reinforcement can find the explanation in the effect of soil reinforced agent on the laterite granules, the changes in the electric double layer caused by soil reinforced agent and its enwrapping of laterite granules.

在明确红土化作用包括风化作用、微团粒化作用以及红土成土作用三个完整阶段的基础上，阐明了昆明红土的化学组成特征、物理力学特征、颗粒组成特征、颗粒粒度分维特征以及颗粒连接特征；土壤强固剂加固红土试验表明，土壤强固剂的加入，改善了红土的力学特性，提高了红土的最佳击实指标和抗剪强度指标，减小了红土的渗透性指标和压缩性指标，其加固效果用加固效果系数来衡量，其加固机理可用土壤强固剂与红土颗粒之间的物理化学作用、土壤强固剂引起红土双电层的变化以及土壤强固剂对红土颗粒的包裹作用来解释。

The smooth sculpture-like exterior of the Pavilion is an image of the arc-shaped rocks rolling endless in Australia's countryside; its exterior wall uses special weather-resistant steel cladding materials the color of the curtain wall will deepen over time until it turns the color of reddle much like the red earth in Australian inland.

澳大利亚馆流畅的雕塑式外形好似澳洲旷野上绵延起伏的弧形岩石，外墙采用特殊的耐风化钢覆层材料，幕墙的颜色将随时间的推移日渐加深，最终形成浓重的红赭石色，宛如澳大利亚内陆的红土。

Al impurity, the floatabilities of hematite and aegirine were resemble, which is contributed to the existence of structrual iron ion on surfaces of both minerals. It is the structrual iron ion that accelerates the floatability of aegirine greatly and leads to difficult separation with hematite. 2. The basic mechanism of actions of fluorosilicate salts as selective depressants of aegirine during the direct flotation of hematite was investaged detaily by using FTIR and XPS spectrocppy, fluorosilicate salts are poor depressants for hematite, but are very strong depressants for iron-containing silicate such as aegrine in weakly acid medium, which can enlarge the flotation differences between two minerals.

运用X射线衍射、俄歇能谱等测试手段研究了赤铁矿与钠辉石纯矿物的晶体结构特征，表面破裂面的元素组成与赋存状态，发现在白云鄂博不同的矿床（氧化矿段，原生矿段，风化矿段）存在着三种颜色与可浮性均有所差别的钠辉石，其可浮性的差异主要是由于表面含铁量及Ca、Al等杂质含量的不同而引起的，结构Fe〓的存在导致钠辉石可浮性剧增从而与赤铁矿难以分离。

It is nothing else than impurities prenatally inherent in ore that seriously affect the quality of the latter, which is formed as a result of geological vicissitudes including diastrophic movement, eruption of volcano, sedimentation, glaciation and weathering etc., under the action of which pyrogenic rocks, volcanic complex, aqueous rocks, sedimentary rocks etc., come into being, some of which exist in a stage of symbiosis, the main cause of the absence of pure rocks in nature, wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus, namely, ore-dressing devices and equipment, so far impotent to meet the requirements of metallurgical industry the scientists make every endeavor to elevate to a new high by laser separation.

没有什么能比矿石中的杂质更能影响的矿石质量了，矿石是由包括地壳运动，火山喷发，沉积作用，冰川作用，风化作用等地质变迁形成的，在这些运动中，又形成了火成岩，火山混合物，水成岩，沉积岩等，其中还有一些岩石是以共生状态存在的，这就是为什么天然纯净矿石罕见，同时也是急需分离技术和仪器，即矿石加工装置和设备的原因，由于这些还远远未能满足冶金工业的需求，科学家们正竭尽全力试图通过激光分离将选矿技术提升到一个新的高度。

Xiaowan arch dam site has excellent topographic conditions, while geological structures in both abutments are complex, such as, faults, altered rock, mantle rock, etc.

在建的小湾水电站坝址具备修建高拱坝的优越地形条件，但地处西南地区著名的&三江构造带&的南段，地质构造较复杂，坝基及坝肩抗力体内存在部分断层、蚀变岩体和卸荷、风化岩体等地质缺陷，将引起两岸坝肩岩体变形不对称、压缩变形量增大以及坝肩局部岩体承载能力低，直接影响到拱坝与地基系统的正常运行和整体稳定安全性。

The freeze-thaw gradually occupies the main position in the sub-continental and marine periglacial processes with the water and temperatures increasing while the other weathering processes are retreated. This is also be explained from the experimental analyses result.

随着水分条件在亚大陆型和海洋型冰缘过程的加强以及温度的增高，冻融作用才在其冷生风化组合中占据了主导地位，而其它作用的效果则明显下降，并从模拟实验结果的角度初步解释了这种现象的成因。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。