颞叶

The epilepsy model induced by kainic acid is a dynamical model condition. 5-7 days after acute seizure episodes induced by a single systemic injection of a convulsant dose (10mg/kg) of KA the rats developed a long-lasting increase in seizure susceptibility and the characteristic histopathological features in the hippocampus similar to human TLE. So the KA model has been a well-known model to study TLE or intractable epilepsy.

颞叶癫癎红藻氨酸（kainic acid，KA）模型具有明确的动态变化过程，一次全身性给予惊厥剂量（10mg/kg）KA诱发SD大鼠急性癫癎发作后5-7天，动物开始出现癫癎发作敏感性长期增强，脑内亦发生与人类颞叶癫癎相似的神经病理、神经生化及神经分子生物学方面的改变，因此被认为是研究颞叶癫癎和难治性癫癎的理想模型之一。

In patients with CPS but without GTS, the focus was mostly located in unilateral temporal lobe, esp, in the medial temporal lobe or the limbic system if the ictal and the interictal EEG was normal, but in those patients with CPS and GTS, the focus was located in the lateral temporal parietal lobe or temporal parietal-occipital areas.

CPS不继发全身性发作的患者，病灶多局限于一侧颞叶，如发作期和发作间期脑电图均正常，更应考虑病灶位于颞叶内侧面，或边缘系统；CPS继发GS的患者病灶多位于颞叶外侧面与顶、枕交界区。

The patient showed atrophy in frontal and temporal lobe on regular MRI, significantly reduced amount of Nacetyl aspartic acid、cholineand creatinecompared with contralateral on MRS , remarkably decreased blood flow in the left temporal polar and front part of fontal lobe compared with contralateral on PWI. There were decreased association fibers between Broca and other regions meanwhile no association fibers were found between triangular area and wernicke region on DTI. The fibers projecting to opercular part of frontal lobe via archiform fibers were lessened. The mean FA and fibers of Broca and Wernick regions were less than that of the healthy subjects.

常规MRI显示左侧额叶及颞叶萎缩；磁共振波谱分析显示左侧颞叶和额叶N乙酰天门冬氨酸、胆碱、肌酸含量较对侧明显减低；磁共振灌注成像显示左侧颞极及额前部的血流量较对侧减低；弥散张量成像显示左Broca区与其他脑区间纤维联系减少，三角区与Wernicke区无纤维联络，左侧Wernicke区通过弓状纤维到达额叶岛盖部的纤维减少，Broca及Wernicke区平均FA及纤维束较正常人减少。

We didn\'t find activated points in cerebellum and deeper brain.3.Acupuncture of sham point can significantly activated BA2,6,8,13,21,37,40,44,45,47,putamen and other areas.Both the left and right side of the brain have activated points,but points on the right side are more than those on the left.Both sides of middle temporal gyms,parietal lobule,supramarginal gyms and the lentiform nucleus have obvious activated points.The activated points mainly concentrated in the cerebral cortex,the deep-activated are mainly in the putamen.4. Sham needling in sham point can significantly activate BA6, 8,9,10,18,21,37,40,43,44.The activated points are mainly distributed in the right side of the brain.The left side also has some activated points;5.In the comparasion of Acupunture and sham-needling in S J5,we find that BA8 and cerebellum have distinct regional activated points;6.In the comparasion of acupuncture in SJ5 and sham point,we find BA2 and left cerebellar regions have activated points;7.Sham needling in S J5 compared with sham point,we find BA7,8,9,18 and other areas have activated points,the main activated points are at the left brain.It is not difficult to find that the distribution of activated points are mainly in the middle brain,no obvious activated points at the temporal lobe.

结果：通过对数据的处理和分析，我们初步发现：1、外关穴真针刺能显著激活Brodmann area45、37、44、40、22、13、37、47区、海马、杏仁核、黑质等区域，小脑左侧更明显，左侧颞叶皮层激活点多于右侧，且脑部左侧深层激活点多于右侧；2、外关穴假针刺能显著激活BA46、44、41、13、40、37、19区等区域，激活点主要集中表现在大脑皮层，以颞叶为主，小脑及深部未发现明显激活点；3、非穴真针刺组结果分析初步表明，BA2、6、8、13、21、37、40、44、45、47区以及壳核等区域有激活点，大脑左、右侧均有激活点，但右侧更多，双侧颞中回、顶叶下小叶、缘上回及豆状核有明显激活点，激活点主要集中在大脑皮层，深部激活点主要在壳核；4、非穴假针刺能显著激活BA6、8、9、10、18、21、37、40、43、44区等区域有激活点，主要分布在大脑的右侧，左侧也有不少激活点，就其具体分布主要在颞叶和额叶，少部分分布在顶叶和枕叶；5、外关穴真针刺与假针刺对比发现，BA8区和小脑等区域有明显的激活点；6、外关穴真针刺与非穴真针刺对比发现BA2区、左侧小脑等区域有激活点；7、外关穴假针刺与非穴假针刺对比发现，BA7、8、9、18等区有激活点，主要反应点在左侧大脑的枕叶中回、楔叶，顶叶楔前叶及额上回、中回，就其分布不难看出主要在大脑中部，颞叶未见明显激活点。

Pronounced differences were found in Left perisylvian/Language and Medial temporal/Memory systems, along with significant differences in Lateral/Prefrontal/Working memory and Anterior cingulate/Cognitive control and smaller, nonsignificant differences in Occipitotemporal/Pattern vision and Parietal/Spatial cognition.

左侧外侧裂区和颞叶中部存在显著的差异。前额叶与额叶侧部和前扣带回之间也具有显著差异。而枕颞叶和顶叶之间的差异较小，且没有显著性。

Right postcentral gyrus of frontal lobe(BA2,BA1),left inferior frontal gyrus(BA47),postcentral gyrus(BA43),right inferior parietal lobule(BA40),left superior temporal gyrus(BA22) and right insular(BA13) were evoked by twisting Shenmen point;Left inferior parietal lobule(BA40),right inferior frontal gyrus(BA45,BA46),left medial temporal gyrus and medial temporal gyrus(BA37) and left superior frontal gyrus(BA10) were evoked by twisting Yanglao point.

神门穴主要激活了右侧额叶的中央后回BA2、BA1，左侧额下回BA47和中央后回BA43，其次为右侧顶叶的顶下小叶BA40，左侧颞叶的颞上回BA22，右侧脑岛BA40；养老穴主要激活了左顶叶的顶下小叶BA40，右侧额叶的额下回BA45、BA46，其次为左侧颞中回、颞下回BA37，左额上回BA10。

RESULTS: Compared with patients in the non-AD group, those in the AD group showed decreased cerebral glucose metabolism mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes and the limbic system in the right cerebral hemisphere and the inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere, and increased cerebral glucose metabolism mainly in the temporal and occipital lobes in the right cerebral hemisphere and the parietal and occipital lobes and limbic system in the left cerebral hemisphere.

结果： 抑郁焦虑组与非抑郁焦虑组比较，脑葡萄糖代谢下降的脑区集中于右侧大脑半球，主要位于颞叶、额叶及边缘系统，左侧大脑半球较少，主要位于额下回和中央前回；脑葡萄糖代谢升高的脑区集中于右侧大脑半球的颞叶、枕叶和左侧大脑半球的顶叶，枕叶及边缘系统。

Compared to normal controls, it was found that the hippocampus, temporal pole, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, putamen and precuneus exhibited more significant functional connectivity with posterior cingulate cortex in TLE.

研究发现，与正常对照相比，TLE静息时海马、颞极、额叶、颞叶、壳核及楔前叶等脑区与后扣带回的功能连接增强。

Results Before treatment, the baseline rCBF of right frontal and temporal lobes were lower in schizophrenics than that of in controls. After treatment, rCBF of these two regions in schizophrenics were significantly improved. No significant correlation was found between rCBF in different brain regions and psychopathologic symptoms and efficacy as well.

结果治疗前病例组右侧额叶与右侧颞叶rCBF低于对照组(各P.05)，治疗后右侧额叶与右侧颞叶rCBF较治疗前明显增加(各P.05)；治疗前不同脑区rCBF与精神病理症状(含单个症状评分和因子分)和疗效均无显著性相关。

There were 30 cases with lesions located in frontal lobe, 28 cases in temporal lobe, 16 cases in parietal lobe, 14 cases in occipital lobe, 9 cases in temporal-occipital zone, 12 cases in basal ganglia, 9 cases in cerebellum and 5 cases in corpus callosum, etc.

主要累及双侧额叶30例、颞叶28例、顶叶16例、枕叶14例、颞－顶区9例、基底节12例、小脑9例、胼胝体5例等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。