额外成本

Any costs or expenses in respect of the vessel including demurrage or any additional charge, fee or duty levied on the vessel at the discharge port and actually incurred by the seller resulting from the failure of the discharge port/terminal/installation to comply with the isps code and if located with the usa and us territories, with the mtsa, shall be for the account of the buyer, including but not limited to the time required or costs incurred by the vessel in taking any action or any special additional security measures required by the isps code and where the discharge Port is within the usa and us territories or waters, with the mtsa.

任何船只方面的费用或支出，包括因卸货港/站/设施故障而根据"国际船舶与港口设施保全章程"或当在美国领土时根据"海事运输保全法"所产生的、在卸货港对船只征收的并实际已由卖方承担的滞期费或任何额外的收费、费用或税款，应由买方承担，包括但不仅限于船只在根据"国际船舶与港口设施保全章程"或当卸货港是在美国和美国领土或水域时根据"海事运输保全法"的要求而采取行动或任何特别额外的安全措施时所要求的时间或承受的成本。

What the client cannot readily judge is whether the law firm put in excessive hours on the case, and the result, according to persistent and cumulatively persuasive anecdotage, is a tendency for law firms to invest hours in a case beyond the point at which the marginal value of the additional hour is just equal to the marginal cost to the client.

客户对于律师是否在案件上花费了额外的时间并不能做出轻易的判断，经过长期的积攒起来的极具说服力的记录，结果出现了律师事务所花费的时间超出了一个均衡点的趋势，在该点，律师所花费额外时间的边际收益等于客户的边际成本。

This is because a flight operating costs are relatively fixed, a plane carrying more passengers free of charge and will not cause a significant increase in costs, on the contrary, he may use during flight of the paid services, will enable the company to obtain an additional income .

这是因为一个航班的运营成本是相对固定的，机上多搭载一名免费旅客并不会令成本显着增加，相反他在飞行期间可能使用的各项付费服务，将令公司获得一笔额外收入。

But even if the ice melts as fast as shippers hope, navigation is likely to demand strengthened hulls, higher insurance and extra training for crews, all adding to the costs.

但是，如果融冰速度快得和船主所希望的那样，航海就可能需要加固船身，支付更高的保险费用和额外的船员培训，这些都是额外增加的成本。

"Personalized medicine has the potential to increase overall health costs because additional tests are needed to identify ideal patients, and manufacturing costs could be higher because there will be fewer batches that target smaller, selected populations," says Dr. Hageman."That said, patient outcomes will be expected to be much more successful with far fewer adverse effects, which brings us closer to our goal of eliminating deadly diseases and improving the overall quality of human life."

"个体差异化的药物可能会增加整个健康产业的成本，因为你需要为典型的病人做额外的药物实验；同时生产成本也会上升，因为针对每个特定的小部分人群都要生产小批次药物，"Hageman博士说："然而这一切的结果，是药物会使得病人会变得更好，带来更少的不利影响；这也将让我们更加接近我们目标：那就是消除绝症、提高人类的整体生活质量。"

This waiting cost, or opportunity cost, is over and above the actual costs associated with the project.

等待的这个费用，或机会成本，是项目实际成本以外的额外费用。

The strain gradient, the fiber Bragg grating's reflection and the short wavelength loss decide the two stopbands. Because of having no extra loss result from coupler and no high cost result from circuitor, the band pass filter formed by single chirped fiber grating have many good characters such as little insert loss its insert loss is the fiber splice loss, small volume, low cost and excellent property, moreover there is no report about fabricating filter by using this method, thus we will apply national invent paten about the method of fabrication fiber band pass filter using single chirped fiber grating. According to the parameters linearly chirped fiber gratings of Canada BRAGG Photonics Inc.

由于没有耦合器带来的3dB的额外损耗，也没有环行器带来的高的制作成本，用单支chirped光纤光栅形成可调光纤带通滤波器具有插入损耗极小（插入损耗为光纤与光纤之间的融接损耗）、体积小、制作成本低廉并且性能优良等特点，而且国内外还未见类似制作方法的报道，我们对用单支chirped光纤光栅形成可调光纤带通滤波器这一制作方法正在申请国家发明专利。

Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities.

再将新鲜的贮油装载在进一步排放压舱水后剩余的残渣上头，如此形成的混合物能被炼油厂接受，尽管脱盐和除水过程尚需一些额外成本。

There are many things to take into consideration and some reorganising of our labour resources would be involved, all of which would result in additional costs which we would expect the employer to reimburse.

因为有很多事项须考虑，劳动力资源要重新组织，这一切都将产生额外成本，我方期盼雇主能对这些给予补偿。

We construct a Salop model to analyze three conditions: no-fee, foreign fee, and surcharge. Our meaningful conclusions mainly are: When the interchange fee is equal to ATM's marginal cost, the bank's profit could be maximized; for pure ATM businesses, foreign fee is strategy-substitutable and surcharge is strategy-complementary; for banking competition, foreign fee is strategy-complementary and surcharge is strategy-substitutable.Keywords: ATM, foreign fee, surchargeJEL Number:

本文以Salop环形城市模型分析了跨行取款不收费制、跨行费制、额外费制下银行在ATM业务上的成本收益情况，本文有意义的结论主要有：当交换费等于ATM的边际成本时，两种费制都会使银行达到利润最大化；在纯粹ATM业务上，跨行费是战略替代的，额外费是战略互补的；在银行竞争上，跨行费是战略互补的，额外费是战略替代的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。