额外成本

Marginal cost is the extra cost of producing a unit of output.

边际成本是生产每多一个单位产品而增加的额外成本。

A further $180m of broadcasting revenues for the 2001-04 quadrennium was absorbed by a range of additional costs.

2001至2004年期间增加的1.8亿美元转播收入为各项额外成本所抵消。

The premium would then be as low as 15% above Build Regs minimum.

总共的额外成本低于建筑规范最低标准的15%。

Under the condition of the following factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers' extra cost and environmental pollution cost, this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of toll collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling modes' tollgates of every toll station, ETC users' discount rate, and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station, the actual traffic flow capacity of different tollgate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

In this chapter, we compare the two different points of the quality economic benefits. We not only establish the econometric model from the traditional viewpoint, but also deduce the econometric model to evaluate the economic benefits of Six Sigma base on the Quality Engineering and Loss Function of Taguchi. Our research has proved that the excess cost decreased quadratically by the increasing of the sigma level.

比较了两种不同的质量经济效益观，不仅建立基于传统观的经济效益计量模型，笔者还基于田口玄一博土的质量工程学和质量损失函数建立六西格玛管理经济效益的计量模型，验证了六西格玛管理的观点，即随着西格玛水平的提高，企业的额外成本呈曲线下降的趋势。

The co-ops said the premium would be charged to, in part, cover the extra cost of segregating the beans.

该合作社说，溢价的收取在一定程度上是为了弥补花费在大豆隔离上的额外成本。

Under the condition of the following- factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers" extra cost and environmental pollution cost.this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of teH collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA -hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling, modes" tailgates of every toll station, ETC users discount rate.and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station.the actual traffic flow capadty of different toiigate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

A motivation of inducing tort should be avoided when using penalized compensation and the compensation should be enough to balance the tortuous actor's illegal benefits or his additional cost if he abides by the law.

并且提出，在实践中使用惩罚性赔偿金时要避免提供一种使权利人引诱他人侵权的激励，同时惩罚性赔偿的水平应当足以抵消加害人从过错中得到的非法利益或者遵守法律付出的额外成本。

General Motors is considering a diesel for some of its thirstiest trucks, such as the newly-redesigned Chevrolet Silverado pickup, but the firm's vice-chairman, Bob Lutz, frets that the extra cost of future pollution-control technology may price diesels out of the market.

通用公司在考虑为它的那些油耗量较大的卡车安装柴油机，比如不久前重新设计的雪佛兰Silverado pickup，但是通用的副主席Bob Lutz 不无担忧地指出，为减少污染而付出的额外成本可能导致柴油机定价过高，从而被挤出市场。

The total cost overrun is likely to rise to 2bn when the additional costs of building a new suburban rail line and tram system for Athens are included.

如把建造新的郊区铁路线和有轨电车系统的额外成本包括在内，超支总成本可能升至20亿欧元。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。