颏的

Objective To analyse the morphologic characters of mentum and its use in the treatment of microgenia.

目的 探讨分析小颏畸形的颏部形态特征及其在颏部水平截骨整形手术应用中的效果。

Forty adult cadaver heads (male=29,female=11) were dissected to measure genial tubercles and observe the start-stop points of genioglossus muscle and geniohyoid muscle.

选取 4 0具成人尸头，解剖下颌骨、颏舌肌和颏舌骨肌，观察颏舌肌和颏舌骨肌的起止点和走行，测量颏棘及其相关参数，然后采用SPSS10 。0统计软件进行分析。

The results are as follows.(1) Long train electrical stimulation at the dMNF facilitated myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(2) Short train electrical stimulation of dMNF, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, caused prolongation of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle; but when delivered in the expiratory phase, myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle were shortened.(3) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibited myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(4) Short train electrical stimulation of vMNF caused shortening of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, but a prolongation when delivered in the expiratory phase.(5) The effects of microinjection of glutamate to dMNF and vMNF were similar to those of electrical stimulation.

结果如下：(1)长串电脉冲刺激dMNF引起颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显增强；(2)短串电脉冲刺激dMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动延长，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动提前终止；(3)长串电脉冲刺激vMNF使颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显被抑制；(4)短串电脉冲刺激vMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动提前终止，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动延长；(5)在dMNF和vMNF分别微量注射谷氨酸钠，其效应与电刺激结果基本一致。

ConclusionsUsing methods of narrowing genioplasty combined with Medpor implantation can treat wideness chin and retrogenia in one step. This method resolve the defaults of single horizontal osteotomy of the chin or single chin augmentation.

颏部截骨缩窄结合Medpor隆颏可一次性矫正颏部宽大及颏部后缩畸形，解决了单纯颏部截骨术后或单纯隆颏术后局部不能达到最佳的手术效果的弊端。

Methods For gain optimal operation outcome,we used prolong carved mandible angle osteotomy by intraoral approach.we extended osteotomy line to mental nerve.and mental tuber was scoured,Augmentation chin or genioplasty was performed if the patient was subject to microgenia.

为获得更好的术后效果，我们采用口内入路下颌角弧形截骨术，将弧形截骨线延长到颏神经处，并对颏结节进行打磨，使截骨线延续流畅，伴小颏者同时行隆颏或颏截骨前移。

The changes of gonial angle were effected by the direction of force of chin cap. The gonial angle decreased if the line of force were from chin to condyle. Reversely, the gonial angle would increase because of the more vertical line of force directed from chin to sella.

颏帽装置对下颚角的影响会因施力方向而不同，如果颏帽的施力方向为从颏部到髁头，会使下颚角减少，如果颏帽装置的施力方向是从颏部到Sella点，比其他的研究的施力方向还高，反而会使下颚角随著时间增加。

The main change of the morphology is the obvious incrassation of the soft tissue between the mentalabial sulcus and the superior cervial point.

下颌骨前徙手术较下颌后退形态变化要大而复杂，主要的形态变化是表现为颏唇沟点至颈上点间区域软组织明显增厚，颏突出度显著增强，颏部轮廓形态向正常接近。

In the soft tissue measurements, the value of soft tissue facial angle and B'-Pos-FH in the first extraction group was less than those in the second extraction group significantly. After treatment all the patients had an increase in S-Ns-Pos angle, soft tissue facial angle, B'-Pos-FH and depth of mentolabial groove. At the same time, soft tissue convexity angle was diminished obviously. But the change was not significant between the two premolar extraction groups.

2在对软组织项目的测量中，治疗前第一前磨牙拔除组的软组织面角、颏沟倾角均小于第二前磨牙拔除组，治疗后2组均出现软组织面凸角减少，颏凸角、软组织面角、颏沟倾角、颏唇沟深度增加；但2组在各项测量项目的变化上无显著组间差别。

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of removal of carve bone of midline wedge to correct broad chin deformities.

目的：探讨颏部锲形骨段切除治疗方颏的可行性。

Objective To discuss the morphology and relative location of cranium,jaw,face,te eth-alveolus which affecting three types of smile,so as to provide a quantitative guideline for the clinical dynamic investigation,diagnosis,treatment planning,prognosis and appraisal i n the practice of orthodontics,orth ognathia and prosthetics.

微笑过程涉及面肌、口唇肌及鼻、唇、颏的解剖形态变化，并与口腔、颌骨及牙－牙槽形态、位置密不可分，是上述相关软硬组织协调运动的结果，而微笑方式的改善亦是预测、评价正畸、正颌外科及修复治疗效果的重要方法。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。