颌骨前的

The interpremaxillary suture line, medial incisor tooth sockets, and junction between the lateral incisor and canine tooth sockets are visualized.

前颌骨间缝、中门牙穴及侧门牙与犬牙之间的连接可以被观察到。

The first three largest number of missing teeth is as follows: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar and mandibular first molar. The first three largest number of resident teeth is as follows: mandibular cuspid, mandibular bicuspid and maxillary cuspid. The cases without occusal relationship account for 19.51%; and the cases which need occlusal reconstruction or occlusal elevation account for 19.51% of all the cases, while food impaction exists in 21.84% cases.

结果：本组老年人平均缺失牙齿9.10颗，缺失最多的前3位牙齿是上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙；余留最多的前3位牙齿是下颌尖牙、下颌第一双尖牙和上颌尖牙。19.51%的病例颌骨间无咬合接触关系，19.51%的病例修复时需咬合重建或咬合抬高；21.84%的病例修复前存在食物嵌塞。

Anyone else's jaw drop when former White House press secretary Scott McClellan started to hawk his book, revealing that all top ranking Bush administration officials were lying in the outing of CIA operative, Valerie Plame?

其他人的颌骨下降时，前白宫新闻秘书麦克莱伦开始鹰派他在书中透露，所有排名布什政府官员说谎，在郊游中央情报局执行，普拉姆

Objective Using X-ray cephelometrics,we analyzed the effect of the setback and the advancement of the jaw bone on the position of the hyoid bone and the hypopharyngeal airway,so that we could purpose some suggestions for the clinical treatment.

目的 通过X线头影测量分析了解颌骨后退与前徙对舌骨位置及咽下气道变化的影响情况，为临床治疗提供参数。

An intraoral tooth-borne hyrax distractor appliance was used to gradually widen the anterior part of the mandible.

一个内齿源性hyrax牵张设备被用来逐步扩大前的部分颌骨。

Paleoanthropologist David Strait of the University at Albany in New York state and his colleagues found that A. africanus evolved jaws, teeth, and a face that would have been particularly good at withstanding large forces on its premolars—precisely the place where humans and other primates crack large objects, such as nuts that are too big to chew with our molars.

纽约州奥尔巴尼大学古人类学家戴维·斯特雷特和他的同事发现，南方古猿非洲种的颌骨、牙齿和脸经过演化，其前磨牙特别擅长经受极大的力气——人类和其他灵长类动物恰好就用前磨牙来咬碎像坚果一样的大块食物，大到我们的磨牙无法咀嚼。

The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior;...

头骨的主要特征是：枕骨的颈交不发达，眶上突不与颧弓相连，无眶上孔；颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡，鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹；泪骨几乎无颜面部；颌前骨的鼻突发达；上颌骨外面无面嵴；腭骨发达；犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触；下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。

objective the purpose of this study was to summarize our experience of the application of internal rigid fixation with miniplate to treatment of mandibular fractures.methods a retrospective analyisis of clinical data of 67 cases,who had experienced the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation by using miniplate.with the help of maxillomandibular distraction pre operation and post operation and temporary maxillomandibular fixation during operation,the fracture bones were smoothly reduced and fixed.results clinical and radiographic examination showed that all cases gained good clinical results and precise anatomic alignment of fracture postoperatively without infection,malocclusion,bone malunion or other complications.conclusion mocortical miniplate fixation of the mandible is a reliable and effective techinique providing rigid fixation and an ideal modality for the treatment of mandibular fractures.combined with maxillomandibular fixation.

对67例下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾总结，所有患者应用小型接骨板行坚固内固定治疗。其中7例颏部骨折，12例颏旁骨折，16例颏孔区骨折，9例体部多发性骨折，5例体部粉碎性骨折；18例合并其他部位骨折。所有患者术前经临床检查和影像学检查明确骨折的位置和骨折线的数目后，分段牙弓夹板结扎、颌间弹性牵引，使移位的骨折段逐渐复位；术中经口内切开复位、细钢丝颌间结扎、小型接骨板坚固内固定；术后行临床检查和影像学复查，必要时颌间弹性牵引7～10 d。结果所有患者手术切口ⅰ期愈合，治疗效果满意；临床检查所有患者牙合关系良好、面部对称；影像学复查证实骨折线对位良好。结论经口内切开小型接骨板坚固内固定辅以颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折效果可靠，术后并发症少，是一种理想的手术方法。

After 1 month, box-shaped oesteotomies of the alveolar bone were carried out and TiNi-SMAdistractors wereburied .

在牵张手术前、术后、术后1周的每日及牵张完成后1个月，分别测量术区颌骨高度，并在术后、术后1周及牵张完成后1个月拍X线片。

Prior to registering the mandibular neutral zone, reestablish an appropriate vertical jaw relationship, and deprogram muscles responsible for mandibular posture.

在记录下颌中性区前，很有必要找到颌骨在垂直向上合适的位置，放松负责下颌运动的肌肉

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。