颈静脉的

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical application of throughing external jugular vein and femoral vein for central venous catheterization.

目的：探讨和比较经颈外静脉和股静脉两种途径行中心静脉置管的临床应用效果。

Results:the rate of sugillation and hematoma that venepuncture in limbs and scalp was less than jugular veins and groin veins,the difference was significant.

结果：四肢静脉穿刺及头皮静脉穿刺发生皮下瘀血和血肿的几率较小，而颈外静脉和腹股沟股静脉穿刺容易发生皮下血肿。

In clinical,we fetched bilateral external jugular vein to make double vascular bridge,which both ends were all trousers-style with one open-ing and repaired iliofemoral and subclavian vein,and made corresponding vascular bridge to carry on shunt of artery and vein.

临床上取双侧颈外静脉并制作成两端均为裤式单开口的双血管桥进行髂-股和锁骨下静脉等修复；制作相应血管桥进行动、静脉转流。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of treatment in acute cerebral infarction by Safflower injection via carotid artery infusion.Methods 100cases were randomized into treatment group in which50cases were treated with Safflower injection via carotid artery infusion,added Safflower injection20ml into0.9%sodium chloride injection60ml with the4ml/min velocity,once a day;control group in which50cases were treated with venous drip of Safflower injection,added Safflower injection20ml into0.9%sodium chloride injection500ml.After therapy,the curative effect、myodynamia and hemorrheology were compared between the two groups.

目的 探讨颈动脉灌注红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效方法将100例脑梗死患者随机分红花注射液颈动脉灌注组50例和红花注射液静脉滴注组50例，治疗组：于0.9%氯化钠注射液60ml中加入红花注射液20ml，以4ml/min的滴速经颈动脉灌注；对照组：以红花注射液20ml加入0.9%氯化钠注射液500ml中静滴，20天后对两组疗效进行分析并观察治疗后肢体肌力及血液流变学变化。

The left external jugular vein of 20 rabbits were harvested and transplanted between ipsolateral common carotid artery. Three days later, animals in group Ⅰ were transplanted with BMMNCs (6×10^8 cells)/100 μl via periotic veins and those in group Ⅱ were injected with 100 μl PBS.

取左颈外静脉4~5cm，上下倒置后移植至颈总动脉，在建模后第3天将100μl DAPI标记的BMMNCs液（6×10^8个细胞）经耳缘静脉注入细胞移植组动物体内，对照组注入等量的PBS液。

Methods 160 reverse flow axial flaps were used to repair the defects of eyelid, nose,chin,lip,neck,vagina,and penis,including retroauricular flap based on superficial temporal artery,auricular composite flap based on supraorbital vessels,neck-submandibular flaps based on contralateral side mental artery,nape-scapulo-dorsal flap based on transverse cervical artery,and medial ...

方法随机选择160例近22年来应用较广的5种动脉跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣，即：颞浅血管为蒂的乳突区皮瓣、眶上血管为蒂的岛状耳廓复合组织瓣、颏下动脉蒂的对侧颏颈皮瓣、颈横动脉供血的项肩背皮瓣、会阴动脉供血的股内侧皮瓣，考查其完全成活率、部分成活率、完全坏死率、动脉缺血发生率、动脉缺血致皮瓣坏死率、静脉淤血发生率、静脉淤血致皮瓣坏死率等指标，并与我院同期内应用的常规顺流轴型皮瓣随机样本120例进行比较。

The left common carotid artery to external jugular vein shunt operations were performed on experimental rats to establish left to right shunt animal models. The common carotid artery and external carotid artery of the control group rats were isolated without connection.

将实验组(n=9)大鼠的左侧颈总动脉与颈外静脉用套管进行连接，对照组大鼠仅切开颈部皮肤分别分离颈总动脉和颈外静脉后缝合皮肤，不进行血管连接术。

Methods 11 cases with injury of carotid artery including four cases of ruptured carotid arteries with bleeding at the extracranial segment and seven cases of traumatic carotid-cavelTlOUS sinus fistula and/or formation of pseudoanearysm at the intracranial segment were studied.All cases were Confirmed by digital subtraction angiogrophyand were treated by IMIT with stent-graft.

对11例经数字减影血管造影诊断的颈动脉损伤病人进行皿管内治疗，其中颅外段颈动脉损伤4例、颅内段颈内动脉损伤7例，均采用覆膜支架封闭颈动脉破裂口，1例覆膜支架置入后发生移位而改为经静脉途径应用弹簧圈栓塞。

Objective By comparing the applications of catheter insertion via external jugular vein and basilic vein, provide clinic foundation for that external jugular vein is the best choice of peripherally inserted central venous catheter operation.

作者：作者：曾令瑜作者单位：达州市中心医院，四川达州 635000 来源：医学期刊/医药科学综合收藏本文章目的：经过颈外静脉与贵要静脉行中心静脉置管的应用比较，为经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管术首选颈外静脉提供临床依据。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。