颈静脉的

Objective By comparing the applications of catheter insertion via external jugular vein and basilic vein, provide clinic foundation for that external jugular vein is the best choice of peripherally inserted central venous catheter operation.

作者：曾令瑜作者单位：达州市中心医院，四川达州 635000 目的：经过颈外静脉与贵要静脉行中心静脉置管的应用比较，为经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管术首选颈外静脉提供临床依据。

This experiment showed that there was an proliferative changing at the cell of nodose ganglion of the sensory nerve fiber in lung when asthma attacked and suggested that the changing of growth and excitability of lung sensory nerve may well result from the change of neuron.

本实验表明哮喘时肺内感觉神经纤维的胞体所在部位颈静脉节的细胞也发生了增生性改变，提示肺内感觉神经纤维的生长和兴奋性变化可能是源于神经元胞体的变化。

Getting blood from vena cervicalis, making blood smear as routine, Giemsa staining were used to study through immersion objective observation on naturally case in clinic. The result indicated that many red blood cells infected T. Annulata in number from one to three, which infected one polypide take up the most and two the less, while that of three polypides take up the least.

对临床自然病例进行颈静脉采血，按常规制作血液涂片，Giemsa氏染色，油镜下观察和研究，结果表明：许多红细胞感染有1~3个数量不等的环形泰勒虫，以1个的为最多，含有2个虫体的红细胞较少，偶尔可见到含有3个虫体的红细胞。

Results: of 52 cases, a total of 33 intracranial aneurysms were detected by the application of volume viewer, which clearly displayed the body, neck and parent artery of intracranial aneurysms, and showed the aneurysms relation with peripheral vessels and cranioaural In 52cases, 8 can of cerebral vascular malformations showed the form, the size and the hemisphere of cacogenesis cerebral vessels, as well a the amount of feeding artery and draining vein.

结果：52例中，脑动脉瘤33例，16层CT容积成像清晰显示所有动脉瘤的形态、大小、生长方向、瘤颈特征及其与载瘤动脉的关系、瘤体与相邻血管和颅骨的三维结构关系，优于DSA脑血管畸形8例，16层CT容积成像并显示畸形血管团的形态、范围大小以及供血动脉、引流静脉的形态及数量。

Comclusion: transpetrous presigmoid retrolabrinth approach was rational approach for surgery on petroclivus and -4- CPA; it抯 important for accomplish the surgery to study and master the anatomy and variance of this approach; there was relative anatomical relationship among those structure on posterior of petrous bone; AAMP was the extracranial mark of inflexion of TS and SS; LAM and PSC were obvious bone marks for operation; we can confirm the abraded range of petrous bone lean upon LAM and/or GSS beside abrading step by step as literature, and it抯 unnecessary and unrational to emphasize to show PSC if the surgical space was enough; preceding sigmoid sinus and high jugular bulb often appeared at right and would bring disadvantage effect; interspace ,between CN V and CNVII or CNVII and CNJXI, were available to reach clivus and manage the mass on the range.

经SS前迷路后入路是处理岩斜坡区、桥小脑角区病变理想的手术入路；研究和熟悉手术入路中的解剖结构及部分变异对指导手术十分必要；岩骨内测面的骨性结构之间有着相对稳定的空间关系；顶乳缝前角是SS和TS转接处在颅外的标志；IAM和PSC等结构可以作为手术中的重要骨性标志；以PSC确定岩骨的磨除范围是较安全和可靠的，但亦可以结合影像检查，以内耳道和乙状窦前缘为基点判定切除范围，如果操作空间足够，过分强调磨出半规管是不适当的；右侧GSS的宽度和深度较对侧大，SS前置和颈静脉球高位较对侧多见，这些都对右侧入路有不利的影响，但仍可以进行手术操作；三叉神经和面神经间隙及面l 神经和舌咽神经间隙方便到达斜坡并处理病变。l

METHODS: Rabbit models of autogenous vein graft were generated in both groups. After anaesthesia, a median incision was made at the neck to dissociate external jugular vein and common carotid artery of the left side. Following blood flow was blocked at the upper and down sides of the common carotid artery, blood vessels were transected to collect 4.0-5.0 cm external jugular vein at the left side, and placed among the common carotid artery at the same side after inversion. End-to-end anastomosis was performed using discontinuous ecstrophy.

两组兔均建立自体静脉移植模型，麻醉后颈前正中切口，游离出左侧颈外静脉及颈总动脉，在颈总动脉的上下两端阻断血流后，横断血管，取左侧的颈外静脉4.0~5.0cm，上下倒向后置于同侧颈总动脉之间，采用间断外翻法行端端吻合。

In experimental animals, exposure to a common herbicide, rotenone, induces features of Parkinsonism; mechanistically, rotenone-induced destruction of dopaminergic neurons has been attributed to its inhibition of the activity of neuronal mitochondrial complex Ⅰ.

例如，Greenamyre和他的同事在2000年报道了经大鼠颈静脉慢性灌流鱼藤酮复制了帕金森病的主要特征，包括选择性黑质纹状体多巴胺系统变性，Lewy小体样细胞浆包涵体形成和一些行为变化，例如运动减少和僵直等。从发病机制上考虑，鱼藤酮诱导的多巴胺神经通路损伤被认为是由鱼藤酮抑制线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性引起的。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency. The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process. We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rung with artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result. We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair. The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients. The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resus-citation,hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency.The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process.We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rungwith artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result.We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair.The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients.The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

Although the main treatment for Lemierre syndrome is intravenous antibiotics with good anti-anaerobic activity, surgical debridement, as well as ligation and excision of the thrombosed jugular vein, may be necessary for uncontrolled infection and repeated septic embolization.

虽然Lemierre症候群的治疗主要以具对抗厌氧性细菌的抗生素为主，但是对於难以控制的感染和反覆的败血性肺栓塞，摘除颈静脉血栓的手术治疗可能有其必要性。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。