颈静脉

Results: Over 50% cephalic vein patients had complications, about 30% of whose tubes were pulled out in halfway. Less than 10% basilic vein patients had complications, and about 90% of them completed the treatment plan. Two jugular external vein cases had the catheters taken off because of the inappropriate fixing.

结果：头静脉病人＞50%出现并发症，其中30%出现中途拔管；贵要静脉＜10%出现并发症，90%完成治疗计划；颈外静脉2例因固定不妥导致导管脱出。

Therefore,except special condition(cervical disorders or critically severe rescue),the tumor patients for chemo or parenteral hyperalimentation should choose the external jugular vein for central venous catheterization priority.......

因此，除特殊情况外，肿瘤患者化疗或静脉高营养应优先选取经颈外静脉行中心静脉置管。

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical application of throughing external jugular vein and femoral vein for central venous catheterization.

目的：探讨和比较经颈外静脉和股静脉两种途径行中心静脉置管的临床应用效果。

The depths, diameters, lengths of the external jugular veins and their surrounding structures were measured and observed on 30 infant cadavers(60 sides) and were compared with those of the great saphenous veins and the median cubital veins.

为临床儿科静脉穿刺抽血提供解剖学依据，笔者在30例（60侧）甲醛固定的小儿尸体上解剖，观测了颈外静脉的深度、外径、长度及毗邻关系，并与大隐静脉、肘正中静脉进行了对比。

In clinical,we fetched bilateral external jugular vein to make double vascular bridge,which both ends were all trousers-style with one open-ing and repaired iliofemoral and subclavian vein,and made corresponding vascular bridge to carry on shunt of artery and vein.

临床上取双侧颈外静脉并制作成两端均为裤式单开口的双血管桥进行髂-股和锁骨下静脉等修复；制作相应血管桥进行动、静脉转流。

Methods In animals test,we made canine small saphenous or external jugular vein into double vascular bridge, which single and both ends were all trousers-style with one opening and transplanted between iliofemoral artery and vein separately and took as bridge-style blood vessels of artery and vein shunt,and detected the blood flow.

在动物试验中，将犬的小隐或颈外静脉制作成单根和两端均为裤式单开口的双血管桥，分别移植于髂-股动、静脉间和作为动、静脉转流的桥式血管，进行血流量的检测。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of treatment in acute cerebral infarction by Safflower injection via carotid artery infusion.Methods 100cases were randomized into treatment group in which50cases were treated with Safflower injection via carotid artery infusion,added Safflower injection20ml into0.9%sodium chloride injection60ml with the4ml/min velocity,once a day;control group in which50cases were treated with venous drip of Safflower injection,added Safflower injection20ml into0.9%sodium chloride injection500ml.After therapy,the curative effect、myodynamia and hemorrheology were compared between the two groups.

目的 探讨颈动脉灌注红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效方法将100例脑梗死患者随机分红花注射液颈动脉灌注组50例和红花注射液静脉滴注组50例，治疗组：于0.9%氯化钠注射液60ml中加入红花注射液20ml，以4ml/min的滴速经颈动脉灌注；对照组：以红花注射液20ml加入0.9%氯化钠注射液500ml中静滴，20天后对两组疗效进行分析并观察治疗后肢体肌力及血液流变学变化。

Results The values of some serum biochemical parameters obtained from samples taken from different sites differed significantly. The values of TP and ALB of blood taken from abdomial aorta or external jugular vein were significantly higher than those of blood taken from postcaval vein in the rats. The values of several parameters of the blood taken from orbital vein differed significantly from those from femoral vein blood samples.

结果腹主动脉及颈外静脉均与后腔静脉血液生化值在总蛋白、白蛋白上存在明显差异，表现为前者血清中总蛋白、白蛋白明显高于后者；大鼠眶静脉与股静脉血液生化值在多项指标上亦存在明显区别。

Continuing inferiorly and anteriorly , the main trunk runs superficial to the internal carotid artery but deep to the jugular vein , external carotid artery , and styloid process to the deep surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle , which it innervates . The glossopharyngeal branch to the pharyngeal plexlus leaves the nerve trunk by the time it has crossed the stylopharyngeus muscle , and passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the internal and external carotid arteries to the main trunk to join branches of the Vagus Nerve and the cervical sympathetic nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus on the middle constrictor muscle at the level of the hyoid bone .

舌咽神经主干继续向下、向前走行于颈内动脉的表面、颈内静脉、颈外动脉及茎突的深面，横过茎突咽肌深面，绕该肌中部下缘弯向前行，并发出分支支配该肌，穿过茎突咽肌后，舌咽神经的分支一咽支脱离主干，向下向前走行于颈内动脉及颈外动脉分叉处，与迷走神经的分支及颈交感神经的分支一起组成咽丛，咽丛位于舌骨水平的咽中缩肌上。

Methods 11 cases with injury of carotid artery including four cases of ruptured carotid arteries with bleeding at the extracranial segment and seven cases of traumatic carotid-cavelTlOUS sinus fistula and/or formation of pseudoanearysm at the intracranial segment were studied.All cases were Confirmed by digital subtraction angiogrophyand were treated by IMIT with stent-graft.

对11例经数字减影血管造影诊断的颈动脉损伤病人进行皿管内治疗，其中颅外段颈动脉损伤4例、颅内段颈内动脉损伤7例，均采用覆膜支架封闭颈动脉破裂口，1例覆膜支架置入后发生移位而改为经静脉途径应用弹簧圈栓塞。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。