颈静脉

Results The complication incidence of external jugular vein catheterization group is significantly lower than that of basilic vein catheterization group (P .05);Patients satisfaction and clinical care of external jugular vein catheterization group are higher than those of basilica vein catheterization group as well.

结果：颈外静脉置管组并发症发生率明显低于贵要静脉组(P.05)；颈外静脉置管组病人满意度及临床应用护理也高于贵要静脉置管组。

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

Results:the rate of sugillation and hematoma that venepuncture in limbs and scalp was less than jugular veins and groin veins,the difference was significant.

结果：四肢静脉穿刺及头皮静脉穿刺发生皮下瘀血和血肿的几率较小，而颈外静脉和腹股沟股静脉穿刺容易发生皮下血肿。

CONCLUSION摘要: The rat model with an endtoend anastomosis between a common coronery artery and a homolateral external jugular vein is clinically useful in studying the pathophysiology of chronic venous hypertension.

结论摘要：一侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉吻合模型对探究静脉压增高状态下脑缺血具有实用价值，结扎动静脉短路造成静脉压增高可以明显改善局部脑血流。

The rat model with an endtoend anastomosis between a common coronery artery and a homolateral external jugular vein is clinically useful in studying the pathophysiology of chronic venous hypertension.

一侧颈总动脉与颈外静脉吻合模型对研究静脉压增高状态下脑缺血具有实用价值，结扎动静脉短路造成静脉压增高可以明显改善局部脑血流。

The left external jugular vein of 20 rabbits were harvested and transplanted between ipsolateral common carotid artery. Three days later, animals in group Ⅰ were transplanted with BMMNCs (6×10^8 cells)/100 μl via periotic veins and those in group Ⅱ were injected with 100 μl PBS.

取左颈外静脉4~5cm，上下倒置后移植至颈总动脉，在建模后第3天将100μl DAPI标记的BMMNCs液（6×10^8个细胞）经耳缘静脉注入细胞移植组动物体内，对照组注入等量的PBS液。

Methods 160 reverse flow axial flaps were used to repair the defects of eyelid, nose,chin,lip,neck,vagina,and penis,including retroauricular flap based on superficial temporal artery,auricular composite flap based on supraorbital vessels,neck-submandibular flaps based on contralateral side mental artery,nape-scapulo-dorsal flap based on transverse cervical artery,and medial ...

方法随机选择160例近22年来应用较广的5种动脉跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣，即：颞浅血管为蒂的乳突区皮瓣、眶上血管为蒂的岛状耳廓复合组织瓣、颏下动脉蒂的对侧颏颈皮瓣、颈横动脉供血的项肩背皮瓣、会阴动脉供血的股内侧皮瓣，考查其完全成活率、部分成活率、完全坏死率、动脉缺血发生率、动脉缺血致皮瓣坏死率、静脉淤血发生率、静脉淤血致皮瓣坏死率等指标，并与我院同期内应用的常规顺流轴型皮瓣随机样本120例进行比较。

Methods Eighty Class Ⅱ isogeneic F344 rats, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=40). The control group adopted the Strome model. The allograft used for the experimental group preserved ascending pharyngeal artery, which formed a complex allograft together with tongue base, larynx and pharyngolarynx. End-to-end anastomosis was performed between both allograft common carotid arteries and anterior neck veins. The patency rate and survival rate of the allograft of the 2 groups were compared.

80只Ⅱ级近交系F344大白鼠，体质量250~350 g，随机分为2组，每组40只，共20对对照组采用Strome喉移植模型，实验组在切取供体喉时保留咽升动脉，将舌根、喉、喉咽作为复合移植体，供体大鼠双侧颈蓉动脉分别与受体大鼠颈总动脉、颈前静脉进行端端吻合重建移植喉血液循环，比较两组术后动静脉通畅率及移植喉存活率。

The left common carotid artery to external jugular vein shunt operations were performed on experimental rats to establish left to right shunt animal models. The common carotid artery and external carotid artery of the control group rats were isolated without connection.

将实验组(n=9)大鼠的左侧颈总动脉与颈外静脉用套管进行连接，对照组大鼠仅切开颈部皮肤分别分离颈总动脉和颈外静脉后缝合皮肤，不进行血管连接术。

Objective By comparing the applications of catheter insertion via external jugular vein and basilic vein, provide clinic foundation for that external jugular vein is the best choice of peripherally inserted central venous catheter operation.

作者：作者：曾令瑜作者单位：达州市中心医院，四川达州 635000 来源：医学期刊/医药科学综合收藏本文章目的：经过颈外静脉与贵要静脉行中心静脉置管的应用比较，为经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管术首选颈外静脉提供临床依据。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。