颈静脉

Objective By comparing the applications of catheter insertion via external jugular vein and basilic vein, provide clinic foundation for that external jugular vein is the best choice of peripherally inserted central venous catheter operation.

作者：曾令瑜作者单位：达州市中心医院，四川达州 635000 目的：经过颈外静脉与贵要静脉行中心静脉置管的应用比较，为经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管术首选颈外静脉提供临床依据。

METHODS: Rabbit models of autogenous vein graft were generated in both groups. After anaesthesia, a median incision was made at the neck to dissociate external jugular vein and common carotid artery of the left side. Following blood flow was blocked at the upper and down sides of the common carotid artery, blood vessels were transected to collect 4.0-5.0 cm external jugular vein at the left side, and placed among the common carotid artery at the same side after inversion. End-to-end anastomosis was performed using discontinuous ecstrophy.

两组兔均建立自体静脉移植模型，麻醉后颈前正中切口，游离出左侧颈外静脉及颈总动脉，在颈总动脉的上下两端阻断血流后，横断血管，取左侧的颈外静脉4.0~5.0cm，上下倒向后置于同侧颈总动脉之间，采用间断外翻法行端端吻合。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency. The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process. We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rung with artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result. We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair. The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients. The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

To pay attention to carry out effective cardiopulmonary resus-citation,hemostasis by compression and deep vein intubation rapidly in the initial stage of emergency.The carotid shunt tube plays an important role in severe carotid injury and re-establishment process.We use external jugular vein to transplant and re-establish,which are rungwith artificial blood vessels for the long distance carotid injury and achieved the best result.We expose as fully as possible for the hepatic venae and the posthepatic post caval injury,and adopt effective methods to stop bleeding and repair.The application of blood shunt pump could raise the success rate for those severe patients.The self-double vastransplantation with both ends being all trousers-style one opening solve some problems such as there are no suitable caliber self-transplantation blood vessels and the artificial blood vessels are easy to occur obliteration for long-term and so on for the great or middle blood vessels.We use improved Fogarty duct and anterograde intubation to eliminate thrombus could eliminate thrombus effectively and avoid accessory injury for the deep vein injury and extensive thrombosis.

抢救初期要注意进行有效的心肺复苏、压迫止血和快速进行深静脉插管；颈动脉转流管在严重颈动脉损伤重建过程中有重要作用；对长距离颈动脉损伤用颈外静脉移植外环包人造血管重建，可取得最佳效果；对肝静脉及肝后下腔静脉损伤，要充分暴露，采用有效方法止血和修复，对病情极危重的凶险性出血者，血液转流泵的应用可提高成功率；对大、中血管损伤，两端均为裤式单开口自体双血管移植，解决了无适宜口径自体移植血管和应用人造血管远期易闭塞等问题；对深静脉损伤并广泛血栓形成者，应用改进的Fogarty导管和顺行插管取栓法，可有效取栓并避免了副损伤。

Although the main treatment for Lemierre syndrome is intravenous antibiotics with good anti-anaerobic activity, surgical debridement, as well as ligation and excision of the thrombosed jugular vein, may be necessary for uncontrolled infection and repeated septic embolization.

虽然Lemierre症候群的治疗主要以具对抗厌氧性细菌的抗生素为主，但是对於难以控制的感染和反覆的败血性肺栓塞，摘除颈静脉血栓的手术治疗可能有其必要性。

ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the effects of tannic acid treatment on the physico-chemical properties of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine jugular vein.

目的 评估丹宁酸改性处理对戊二醛固定牛颈静脉管道理化性质的影响。

In the cavernous sinus, Meckel cavity, trigeminal ganglion, mangibular nerve,(glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve), jugular foramen, hypoglossal nerve, MRI showed that the number of infiltrating 51, 35, 32, 56, 18, 19, 39 respectively;CT showed that the number of infiltrating 25, 12, 9, 20, 5, 5, 16 respectively.

在显示海绵窦、Meckel腔、三叉神经半月结、三叉神经第3支（CNV3）、舌咽/迷走/副神经（CN IX，X， XI）、颈静脉孔、舌下神经浸润方面，MRI显示浸润数分别为51、35、32、56、18、19、39；CT显示浸润数分别为25、12、9、20、5、5、16。

Results1 , The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull through the jugular foramen posteromedial to the styloid process and the styloid muscle with Vagus Nerve and Accessory Nerves.

结果1、通过对尸头进行解剖发现舌咽神经在颅底茎突和茎突诸肌的中后部与迷走神经、副神经一起自颈静脉孔出颅。

Methods Retrosigmoid sinus approach was adopted to find the cerebellopontine angle. The area surrounding the jugular foramen was explored carefully under microscope and the glossopharyngeal nerve was cut off. The superior branch of vagus nerve should be cut off simultaneously in patients with earache and the space-occupying focus should be cut off to receive pathological examination.

采用经乙状窦后入路进入小脑脑桥角，在手术显微镜下对颈静脉孔周围进行探查并切断舌咽神经根；伴有耳痛者同期切断迷走神经上支；如发现占位病灶须切除病灶并行病理检查。

The rats were randomized into two groups,The control group(N=6) and the TPN group(N=6).Total parenteral nutrition group received continuous TPN infusion through a silastic catheter inserted in the right jugular vein and the control group infusion the same physiologic saline by the same way.

通过对两组动物颈静脉置进硅胶管，连续24小时输注营养液或生理盐水。7天后应用实时定量PCR芯片检测方法，比较两组大鼠间肠道炎症因子及其受体表达的不同。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。