颈阔肌

The techniques of the midface rejuvenation develop with the understanding of the aging appearance and the development of the facial anatomy. The earliest form of rhytidectomy only removed a piece of redundant skin, but failed to achieve significant long-term benefit. To achieve a more durable benefit, numerous adaptations of face-lift techniques are devised, including SMAS face-lift, malar fat elevation and extended supraplastysmal plane face lift. The subperiosteal approach was firstly performed in 1980s. Youthful curve was detailed by Little William in 2000. To obtain the architectural ogee, the approach of volumetric sculpture, also named three-dimensional rejuvenation, was described.

随着整形美容外科医生对面部衰老变化的认识和面部解剖学的发展，中面部年轻化手术也随之发生着演变：最初的面部除皱术只是单纯去除松弛的皮肤，但术后远期效果不理想；为获得更加持久的效果，到20世纪70年代开始了一系列面部提升术，包括：各种SMAS提升术、颧脂肪垫提升术，扩大的颈阔肌上面部提升术；到20世纪80年代后期，学者提出为获得和谐的面部容貌应进行骨膜下面部除皱术；而到21世纪初Little William提出了"青春曲线"的概念，并实施了容量雕刻技术，即三维中面部年轻化手术。

Over the distribution of the neck muscles and dense, mainly the superficial platysma, sternocleidomastoid, suprahyoid muscles and deep down in the first before the rectus muscle, cephalic rectus, head long muscle, three scalene muscle, etc..

颈部肌肉分布多而密，主要有浅层的颈阔肌、胸锁乳突肌、舌骨上下肌群和深层的头前直肌、头侧直肌、头长肌、三斜角肌等。

Methods: From January 1995 to December 2003, 117 patients with tongue carcinoma were performed with radical surgery, and repaired with platysma flap, sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap, pectoral major myocutaneous flap, free forearm flap or free dorsal flap of foot.

对1995年1月至2003年12月间舌癌根治术后即刻修复采用的颈阔肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌皮瓣、胸大肌皮瓣、前臂游离皮瓣和足背皮瓣共117例的临床资料进行分析。

Thaller SR,Kim S,Patterson H,et al.The submuscular aponeurotic system:A histologic and comparative anatomy evaluation.Plast Reconstr Surg,

SMAS 是面部皮下脂肪和腮腺咬肌筋膜之间的独立组织层次，SMAS与颈阔肌、颧大肌、颞浅筋膜-枕额肌相连，构成头面颈部浅筋膜和深筋膜之间的连续而独立的组织层次。

After wide excision of these tumors accompanied with bilateral neck dissection, the large surgical defect was reconstructed with platysma myocutaneous flap.

本院在民国80年及82年分别经历两例口腔底癌病例，在完成手术切除肿瘤后同时以颈阔肌肌皮瓣来修补。

In addition to zygomatic arch ligament observation, mandibular ligament, ligament platysma ears, before the ligament platysma skin, SMAS-zygomatic cheek cruciate ligament and the mandible, in the mandibular angle, lateral numbness of the mouth, etc.

除观察致颧弓韧带、下颌骨韧带、颈阔肌耳韧带、颈阔肌皮肤前韧带、SMAS-颧颊韧带和下颌骨韧带外，在下颌角、口角外侧、外眦外侧等处亦有皮肤支持带存在结论面部皮肤支持带粗、细不等，长、短不一，除皱术中需剪断和重建某些韧带，以达到最大程度的松解和提紧效果。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。