颈管

Methods. Eleven patients (six men, five woman; mean age 72.8±6.3 years) presenting with refractory neck pain and progressive multilevel cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy due to cervical spondylosis with spinal canal and neural foraminal stenosis underwent multilevel laminectomy, foraminotomy, and subsequent instrumented posterior fusion via bilateral or unilateral percutaneous muscle dilation approaches.

11例患者，男6例，女5例，平均年龄72.8±6.3岁，表现为顽固性颈痛，进行性的颈椎神经根和脊髓压迫症状，椎管和椎间孔狭窄，通过双侧或单侧经皮肌肉扩张法，对这些病人进行多节段椎板、椎间孔减压，后路融合固定。

These relative risks did not change significantly after adjustment for age; sex; total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride levels; carotid-wall thickness; smoking status; the presence or absence of diabetes and systolic and diastolic hypertension; body mass index; and other risk factors. In women, Lp lipoprotein levels were not related to cardiovascular risk, even after adjustment for estrogen use or nonuse.

这些相对危险性经过年龄、性别、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、或三酸甘油酯浓度、颈动脉管壁厚度、吸烟状态、糖尿病和心脏收缩及舒张高血压的有无、身体质量指数、和其他的危险因子的调整后并没有显著改变，而在女性方面，Lp脂蛋白浓度与心血管风险无关，即使经过雌激素有无使用的调整后也是如此。

To establish the parenterally fed, SBS rat model, all rats in the groups underwent 75% small bowel resection under Pentobarbital anesthesia and placement of PN catheters in the superior vena cava by way of the jugular vein.

所有实验大鼠均在麻醉后行75％小肠切除，并通过颈静脉置管入上腔静脉，建立PN短肠大鼠动物模型。

To solve this problem, can be used in food packaging moisture sand together with cotton string, and then open the rear cover displays will be hung in the damp sand kinescope tube neck near the rear seat near the tube.

要彻底解决此问题，可使用食品包装中的防潮砂用棉线串起来，然后打开显示器的后盖，将防潮砂挂于显象管管颈尾部靠近管座附近。

Methods Sibling pigs were used, and the right liver lobe of the donor pig was transplanted into right subhepatic space of the recipient to establish the model of heterotopic partial liver transplantation. Hemodynamic monitoring was carried out by catheterizing from right superficial cervical vein to measure heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central vein pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output.

采用同窝猪建立右肝下异位部分肝移植模型，从右颈浅静脉切开插管，监测心率、平均动脉压、中心静脉压、肺动脉楔压、心排出量、平均肺动脉压等血液动力学指标，观察异位部分肝移植术中血液动力学变化规律。

Methods The modified far lateral suboccipital approach was used in 10 patients with dumbbell neufinomas of the upper cervical spinal canal and the clinical data were retrospectively analysed.

对经改良枕下远外侧入路手术治疗的10例高颈段椎管哑铃形神经鞘瘤病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。

After treatment with the above hormones, the rats were established anesthesia with urethan (1g/kg, i. p.); polyethylene catheters were inserted into the external jugular vein and the common carotid artery for drug administration, and then blood pressure was recorded. The arterial catheter was connected to a pressure transducer, and the blood pressure was displayed on the channel of BL-310 Experimental System of Biological Function through IBM computer. We assessed the changes of resting arterial blood pressure, the pressor responses of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ, 0.01mg/kg), noradrenaline (NA, 0.01mg/kg) and adrenaline (Adr, 0.016mg/kg). The depressor responses of Ach (0.006mg/kg) and carotid sinus baroreflex were also discussed after treatment with the hormones in OVX rats.

用不同雌激素处理21天后，将动物用25％的氨基甲酸乙酯腹腔麻醉（1g／kg），做颈总动脉插管，通过压力换能器，将血压变化输入计算机，通过BL-310智能型生物信号显示与处理系统的压力测定模块，观察去势鼠及不同雌激素替代治疗大鼠静脉注射血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ，0.01mg／kg）、去甲肾上腺素（NA，0.01mg／kg）、肾上腺素（Adr，0.016mg／kg）的升压反应以及乙酰胆碱（Ach，0.006mg／kg）的降压反应和压力感受性反射的变化。

Methods:Removal the fundus vesicae fellea, copus visicae fellea, majority of vesicae fellea anterior wall and vesicae fellea posterior wall,mucous membrane, normal method separate ligate ductus cysticus, only keep the all or part of vesicae fellea posterior wall on vesicae fellea bed.

其中，A组胆囊底部、体部及颈后壁的部分切除，仅胆囊床上胆囊后壁全部或部分保留，其残余黏膜给予剔除或破坏，胆囊管按常规方法分离后结扎。

Compared with cervicothoracic segment, lumbar epidural catheter placement is easier to carry out.

与颈、胸段相比，腰部硬膜外易于穿刺置管。

Comclusion: transpetrous presigmoid retrolabrinth approach was rational approach for surgery on petroclivus and -4- CPA; it抯 important for accomplish the surgery to study and master the anatomy and variance of this approach; there was relative anatomical relationship among those structure on posterior of petrous bone; AAMP was the extracranial mark of inflexion of TS and SS; LAM and PSC were obvious bone marks for operation; we can confirm the abraded range of petrous bone lean upon LAM and/or GSS beside abrading step by step as literature, and it抯 unnecessary and unrational to emphasize to show PSC if the surgical space was enough; preceding sigmoid sinus and high jugular bulb often appeared at right and would bring disadvantage effect; interspace ,between CN V and CNVII or CNVII and CNJXI, were available to reach clivus and manage the mass on the range.

经SS前迷路后入路是处理岩斜坡区、桥小脑角区病变理想的手术入路；研究和熟悉手术入路中的解剖结构及部分变异对指导手术十分必要；岩骨内测面的骨性结构之间有着相对稳定的空间关系；顶乳缝前角是SS和TS转接处在颅外的标志；IAM和PSC等结构可以作为手术中的重要骨性标志；以PSC确定岩骨的磨除范围是较安全和可靠的，但亦可以结合影像检查，以内耳道和乙状窦前缘为基点判定切除范围，如果操作空间足够，过分强调磨出半规管是不适当的；右侧GSS的宽度和深度较对侧大，SS前置和颈静脉球高位较对侧多见，这些都对右侧入路有不利的影响，但仍可以进行手术操作；三叉神经和面神经间隙及面l 神经和舌咽神经间隙方便到达斜坡并处理病变。l

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。