颈枕的

Methods. A 60-year-old man with athetoid cerebral palsy and a history of posterior occipitocerical fusion presented with quadriparesis. Salage surgery for cerical myelopathy and pseudarthrosis was performed with laminectomy and rearthrodesis using the pedicle screw system. An intraspinal cyst was identified as the main cause of the paraparesis.

一位60岁的手足徐动症样大脑麻痹患者，既往曾行后路枕颈融合术，临床表现为四肢轻瘫，影像学检查示脊髓型颈椎病和假关节形成，采用椎板切除和椎弓根钉系统关节成形术后，发现椎管内存在的囊肿是导致四肢轻瘫的主要原因。

Drilling of the jugular tuberculum is the key step for access to the central clival depression. Partial mastoidectomy can result in a significant increase in surgical freedom, but only a modest increase in the exposure of the central clival depression. Removal of total condyle and resection of the lateral mass of C1 could not increase the surgical freedom and exposure of the central clival depression.

磨除颈静脉结节为经FLA入路显露斜坡中央凹陷区的关键步骤；部分乳突切除可进一步改善操作空间，但未能显著增加斜坡中央凹陷区的显露；全切枕髁和侧块不能显著增加斜坡中央凹陷区的显露和操作空间。

Thaller SR,Kim S,Patterson H,et al.The submuscular aponeurotic system:A histologic and comparative anatomy evaluation.Plast Reconstr Surg,

SMAS 是面部皮下脂肪和腮腺咬肌筋膜之间的独立组织层次，SMAS与颈阔肌、颧大肌、颞浅筋膜-枕额肌相连，构成头面颈部浅筋膜和深筋膜之间的连续而独立的组织层次。

The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

Methods Central point at the central clival depression was marked with the help of CT and stereotactic apparatus in 20 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads. The bone resection was divided into four steps via FLA:① drilling of the jugular tuberculum;② partial mastoidectomy;③ removal of the occipital condyle;④resection of the lateral mass of C1 with mobilization of the vertebral artery. After each step of the bone resection was completed, the exposed area of the central clival depression and the area of exposure 15 cm above the central point were calculated.

利用CT和立体定向仪对20例甲醛溶液固定的头颅标本标记斜坡中央凹陷区中心点，采用FLA入路，骨切除分四步进行：磨除颈静脉结节，部分乳突切除，枕髁全切，C1侧块切除；分别于每一步骨切除及血管神经牵拉完成后测量斜坡中央凹陷区的显露范围和位于中心点上方15 cm处术者的操作范围。

It is a convenient and precise method for physicians to establish the finite element model of the craniovertebral junction. This method facilitates the computer study on the biomechanical behavior of the local structures of the model under various pressure conditions.

该技术为临床医生对枕颈交界区有限元三维模型的建立提供了一种便捷而精确的方法，对计算机分析及研究该模型局部结构在各种受力情况下的生物力学表现创造条件。

Of the opening of the condylar canal located at the posteromedial margin of the posterolateral compartment in the JF.

枕髁后缘至舌下神经孔内口的距离约8.15 mm；后方为枕骨颈突，形成了JF的后缘。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失