颈动脉的

Although the use of traditional palpable anterior neck landmarks (hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, and carotid tubercle) help identify appropriate spinal levels, their reliability has not been validated in actual surgeries.

尽管使用传统的可触及的颈前面标志物（舌骨、环状软骨、甲状软骨和颈动脉结节）能帮助识别适当的脊椎水平，但他们的可靠性在实际手术中没有被验证。

The article reviews mechanism of action of caroid artery resulting from hypertension, especially debates vascular endothelial injury resulting from shear stress of vascular wall caused by hypertension, which can also affect vasopermeability by affecting the morphans, structure and function of vascular endothelium.

本文综述高血压引起颈动脉狭窄的发生机制，重点探讨血压对血管壁所造成的切应力引起的血管内皮细胞受损，通过影响血管内皮细胞的形态、结构和功能，并影响血管通透性，从而有助于脂质沉积的病理学机制。

Atherosclerosis, independent of the established risk factors in healthy men, which could contribute tohigh incidence of cardiovascular diseases in subjects with chronotropic incompetence.European Heart Journal (2006) 27, 954–959

这些结果表明运动锻炼后的变时性反应同颈动脉粥样硬化的发生相关，它独立于在健康人中已建立的危险因素以外，能够使变时性机能不全的受试者患心血管疾病的可能性大大增加

In the present study, Manpreet Kanwar and co-workers from Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan, hypothesized that measuring CIMT could improve the ability of EST to identify symptomatic patients with ≥50% coronary diameter stenosis.

在最近的研究中，来自密西根州底特律市Wayne州大学医学院的 Manpreet Kanwar和他的同事假设超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度改良运动负荷试验在鉴定≥50%冠脉直径狭窄的有症状病人的能力。

"Carotid ultrasound appears to offer incremental value to EST in predicting presence or absence of ≥50% coronary diameter stenosis in symptomatic patients with equivocal/negative EST result," Kanwar and co-authors conclude.

Kanwar 和他的同事得出结论：在运动负荷试验结果阴性或可疑的有症状的病人中，颈动脉超声增加了运动负荷试验预测是否存在≥50%冠脉狭窄的价值。

During the year following treatment, diaries recording falls and other symptoms suggested a strong association between "nonaccidental" falls and cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome.

在治疗后的一年中，经过对病人昏厥和其它症状的的连续性记录发现，在昏厥和心脏抑制性颈动脉窦综合症之间存在著明显的相关性。

During the year following treatment, diaries recording falls and other symptoms suggested a strong association between "nonaccidental" falls and cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome.

在治疗后的一年中，经过对病人昏厥和其他症状的的连续性记录发现，在昏厥和心脏抑制性颈动脉窦综合症之间存在著明显的相关性。

Objective: The purposes of the present study are as follows: 1 To study the effect of direct contact with VSMC on transdifferentiation of MSC; 2 To construct MSC of Dual-stable expression of AT2R gene medicated by tetracycline regulatable system.; 3 To investigate the effects of AT2R gene medicated by tetracycline regulatable system on neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries after balloon angioplasty.

本实验体外观察MSC与VSMC在直接接触培养下的分化情况，并以MSC为载体，通过体外细胞基因转染及筛选，获得双重稳定受到强力霉素调控表达AT2R基因的MSC，将此受到调控表达的AT2R基因导入大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型中，观察MSC细胞移植实现AT2R基因在体可调控表达在新生内膜中形成的作用及潜在意义。

①Rat MSC and VSMC were cultured and identified, respectively. MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly, and then co-cultivated with VSMC. The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed. Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen.②We established the regulatable system in two steps: a stable MSC line expressing rtTA has been constructed and characterized firstly by transfected with pUHD 17-1hyg and then selected by hygromycin B; in a second step, this line was used for trandfer the AT2R gene to MSC to get the well establishing double stable MSC lines;③The expression of AT2R regulated by doxycycline was evaluated by western blot;④The MSCs were transduced into rat carotid arteries with regulatable AT2R gene after the establishment of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The intimal/medial area ratio were measured by digital analysis system.

研究方法：(1)密度梯度离心法及胶原酶消化法分别培养原代大鼠MSC及VSMC，细胞共培养并行免疫荧光化学染色和透射电镜观察超微结构；(2)组成受Dox调控的哺乳动物表达系统的四种成分的转化、扩增及提纯并酶切鉴定；(3)采用常规分子生物学方法连续两个回合转染体外培养的MSC，并分别采用发光计检测不同细胞克隆萤光素酶活性改变以及RT-PCR方法检测AT2R目的基因mRNA表达情况，根据各个细胞克隆受Dox调控表达的程度，选择低背景、高诱导表达AT2R的细胞系，作为双重稳定MSC细胞系；蛋白免疫印迹法观察该细胞系在Dox调控下AT2R表达的时相性、持续性及在不同浓度Dox调控下的表达情况；(4)建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型，将双重稳定MSC在术中导入血管，分别于14 d、28 d进行病理切片，检测可调控AT2R对新生内膜增生的影响；采用RT-PCR免疫组织化学免疫荧光等技术观察AT2R基因在新生内膜中的表达以及细胞外基质成分表达的改变，TUNEL法检测血管组织中细胞凋亡的变化情况。

The streptokinase immobilised on dextran coated microparticles of iron oxide was used for targeted thrombus lysis in carotid arteries of experimental dogs.

固定在葡聚糖包裹的三氧化二铁微粒上的溶栓酶可用来定向的消融实验狗颈动脉内的血栓。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷