领主的

Aleppo was the key to power in Syria, contested between the rulers of Mosul and Damascus.

阿勒坡是叙利亚权力的关键，亦是摩索尔和大马士革领主争夺之地。

Well, who is our lord now, Arden?

那，谁是我们现在的领主，阿尔顿？

Escheat Reversion of land held under feudal tenure to the manor in the absence of legal heirs or claimants .

无继承人的：土地规领主缺少法定继承人或继承申请者的封地的所有权的转归领主。

The commercialization of demesne products, the landlords' emphasis to add their manorial assets and the advancement of managing methods were characteristic of the development of seigniorial economy.

健全的管理组织、先进的管理方法、自营地农畜产品的商品化、以及领主对添置生产设施的重视等都体现了领主经济所取得的进步。

Characteristics of the development of commodity economy in the feudal Chinese society have remained an important issuein the study of commodity economy history.,the explora-tion of the characteristics of the development of the commodi-ty economy in the feudal Chinese society must first depend on a complete description of the situation of its own rather thanjust a simple comparison between the feudal Chinese landlord system and the Western European suzerain system.

封建商品的特点是商品经济史中一个首要的重大。对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。中国封建社会商品经济的特殊性主要表现在：它的发展经历了三个高峰，并形成了多层次和多元化发展封建商品的特点是商品经济史中一个首要的重大。对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。

In a word, by the research method of comparison and emphasis on the bud, form, development and contabescence of feudal lord system from Song dynasty until the initial stages of liberation, this dissertation discusses the intrinsic factors of the social form of feudal lord system by comparing the similar nationalities, Dai Nationality of Xishuangbanna inYunnan and Zhuang Nationality in western Guangxi, hoping to realize the common disciplinarians of the two nationalities and find the special process of them.

总之，全文通过论述桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族宋代至解放初期封建领主制萌芽、形成、发展、衰亡的发展历程，通过比较的研究方法，比较桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族两个相近似的民族地区在封建领主制这一社会形态中的异同和形成这种异同的内在因素，冀此来认识两个民族社会发展进程中所经历的共同规律，发现这两个民族各自经历的特殊历程。

V.101: Fixed the map it looks a little silly now, but it's functional, fixed the Lords and settlements with the same names, ability to change your banner (camp menu, Rus invaders appear 60 days in instead of 30 and there are more of them, as well as Rus "lords".

v.101 ：修正了地图（它现在看起来有点傻，但它起作用，修正领主和定居点具有相同的名称，可以更改您的旗帜，俄罗斯侵略者出现在第60天而不是第30天（并且他们现在又有更多的人，以及更多的俄罗斯领主。

But as, under civilized governments which are calculated for the peace of mankind, such a constitution would be productive of endless disturbances, the universal law of almost every nation (which is a kind of secondary law of nature) has either given the dying person a power of continuing his property, by disposing of his possessions by will; or, in case he neglects to dispose of it, or is not permitted to make any disposition at all, the municipal law of the country then steps in, and declares who shall be the successor, representative, or heir of the deceased; that is, who alone shall have a right to enter upon this vacant possession, in order to avoid that confusion, which its becoming again common would occasion.10 And farther, in case no testament be permitted by the law, or none be made, and no heir can be found so qualified as the law requires, still, to prevent the robust title of occupancy from again taking place, the doctrine of escheats is adopted in almost every country; whereby the sovereign of the state, and those who claim under his authority, are the ultimate heirs, and succeed to those inheritances, to which no other title can be formed.

但是因为，在最多只能为了人类和平的文明政府之下，这样的制度将会产生无穷无尽的混乱，所以几乎每个国家的普遍法律要么给与将死的人一种权力来继续他的财产权，依他的意志来处置他的财产；要么，他忽略了对它们的处置，或者不允许对它们进行任何处置，那么，国家的自治法律便进入，并宣布谁应当成为死者的后继者，代理人或继承人；即，唯有谁能够拥有权利进入这个所有者空缺的财产位置，以避免这些财产再一次进入共有状态将引起的混乱。进一步而言，在法律禁止订立遗嘱，或没有订立遗嘱，且不能找到符合法律所要求资格的继承者的情况下，为了阻止再次产生占有资格的问题，在几乎所有的国家都采用了&所有权重归领主&（escheat：最初来源于为避免土地处于废弃和无主的状态，土地的所有权重归上一级的封地领主）的原则；据此，国家的君主或声称为他的下级的人，便成为继承人的最后的选择，并实际继承那些遗产，对此没有别的资格。

Along with the development of the agriculture productivity, the seigniors collected high rents and changed them into money.

领主们对土地实施管理职能，收取土地的产出—石高。德川前期，封建领主经济的发展中已经孕含着大量的商品经济成分。

As the sun returns and the wheel of the year turns once more, we honor the Goddess and the newly born God, our Mother and Father.

当这这伟大的时刻来临，当太阳的领主重生之时降临，当时间之轮重新开始新的运转的一科，我们虔诚的祝福您，伟大的母神和得到新生的太阳神，我们用心表达我们的敬意，给您，伟大的女神和新生的太阳领主，我们伟大的母神和父神

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。