预热

The feasibility of proposed GA/SA approach for HENS with multi-stream heat exchangers is demonstrated successfully through varying scale synthesis problems.3 The economical advantage of multi-stream heat exchangers network over traditional two-stream heat exchangers network is illustrated through calculations.

作为工程实例，本文将GA/SA综合多流股换热器网络程序应用于辽阳石化分公司的原油预热换热器网络的改造，所提出的换热网络满足了厂方的改造要求，降低了操作费用，可以带来较高的经济效益。

TIP: If your car's engine is cold, let the engine run for a few minutes to warm up the oil.

贴士：如果你的汽车引擎是冷的，那就那引擎运行几分钟将油预热。

Triple coil structure is adopted for the boiler with three-pass smokeflue, compact designenergy-saving space.

锅炉采用三盘管结构，烟气三回程，设计紧凑，节能空间，增加空气预热器时热效率最高可达92%以上。

The practical example indicates that the method used in complex countercurrent multi-effect evaporation system is fast and accurate.The vapor consumption of three-effect evaporation with condensed water flash is decreased by about 10% for condensation of NaOH solution. Loss of heat energy increases for preheating of feed with fresh vapor or extra vapor withdrawal.

算例表明：模型可用于复杂逆流多效蒸发系统的快速求解；对三效逆流蒸发NaOH溶液系统，采用冷凝水闪蒸可节省加热生蒸汽 10 %左右，节能效果显著；逆流多效蒸发采用生蒸汽或引出额外蒸汽预热原料液不仅不会节能，反而造成热能损失

Preheat oven to 230c and heat a large thick-bottomed roasting tray on the stovetop.

烤箱预热至230度，用厚底的大烤盘放到炉子上。

The thickness change of the surface reaction layer has been calculated and its influencing factors have also been analyzed.

在本计算条件下，铸型预热对合金与铸型的界面温度影响明显，而浇注温度对界面温度的影响不明显。

TO OBTAIN EPOCAST 36 PREHEATING TEMPERATURE CORRESPONDING TO HULL STEEL PLATE TEMPERATURE AND POURING GAP BETWEEN STURN TUBE AND STERN FRAME BOSS, PLEASE OPERATE STRICTLY AS FOLLOWING INSTRUCTION.

为获得与船体钢板温度和艉管与支撑套之间浇注间隙值相对应的预热环氧树脂EPOCAST 36温度。请严格按照如下说明进行操作

If the ambient temperature below freezing point, should advance to pump hot steam into the intercom, preheating, and then start gear pump.

若环境温度低于冰点，应预先向泵内通入热蒸汽，进行预热处理，然后才可启动齿轮泵。

The hot helium temperature follows HTR-10's nuclear power changes slowly, and there is a large coupling between them, so the RPHHT system adopts cascade control, the minor loop is fast, and the major loop is hot helium temperature control loop whose dynamic response is slow; there is also a large coupling between main helium loop and steam-water loop, and both the main steam temperature measure signal and the heating process of the once-through steam generator are delayed, therefore, the MHFMST applies cascade control, the minor is main helium flow control loop whose dynamic response is fast, and the major is the main steam temperature control loop whose dynamic response is slow.

本文运用机理建模法，建立了HTR-10系统动态控制模型，然后进行了动态性能仿真，将堆芯用集中参数表示，冷却剂按一维流动处理；直流蒸汽发生器按二回路工质不同的相分为预热段、蒸发段和过热段，建立了三环节控制模型，得到HTR-10系统控制模型；仿真结果与数值计算结果对比表明，本文所建立的控制模型，能近似地反映HTR-10的动态特性，适合设计控制系统。

For long time ,the designers of recovery boiler usually do not set up inside air preheater for the soda recovery boiler in which reed pulp,bamboo pulp and wood pulp black liquor is burnt due to ash accumulation,the hot air for combustion is supplied by steam air heater outside the boiler.

长期以来，在碱回收炉的炉型设计中，由于积灰的原因，对于燃烧苇浆、竹浆、木浆黑液的碱炉通常不设置炉内空气预热器，燃烧所需热风由炉外蒸汽空气加热器供给。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。