预热

Experiments are carried out for two types unusual eddying tube fuel perheater,and the results show the total heat transfer coefficient is 1.2～1.262 times and friction factor is 2.8～9.0 percent higher than that of smooth tubes with the same size.

对研制的两种不同结构形式的异形凹槽旋流管式燃油预热器进行了试验研究，结果表明研制的燃油预热器总传热系数要比相同尺寸光滑管式预热器提高20％～26.2％，而油侧压降仅增大2.8％～9.0％。

Warm up there are two ways: a oil bath warming up, that is, the blank 套锅 direct warming up, the other a hot-plate warming up, that is, with a electrothermic plate in pot direct thermal.

预热方法有两种：一种用油浴预热，即用夹套锅直接预热，另一种用热板预热，即用电热板装置在预热锅内直接热的方法。

Warm up there are two ways: a oil bath warming up, that is, with a melting pot of warm up jacket, and the other a electrothermic plate warming up, that is, with a electrothermic plate in the pot, direct warming up.

预热方法有两种：一种用油浴预热，即用夹套熔锅预热；另一种用电热板预热，即用电热板装置在预热锅里直接预热。

The tri-strings suspension preheater system is composed of three strings cyclones,with gas flows from bottom to top paralleling and powder flows from top to down through each cyclone in a series.

三系列预热系统是将三列自下而上并行的气流与自上而下逐级串行的料流结合为一体的新型预热器系统，该构成方式能够显著提高预热器单体内的固气质量比。

Resistance in preheater system is discussed and index for evaluating preheater resistance is raised.

对预热器系统的阻力进行了论述，提出了评价预热器系统阻力的指标要求，并对预热器系统降阻措施及要求进行了阐述。

The effective heat-transfer temperature difference of every effect of multi-effect evaporation subsystem and the preheat temperature rise Δt_(p,j of every level of multi-level preheat subsystem of the design model were distributed by equal heating area, equal heat-transfer temperature difference, and free proration methods.

设计型模型对多效蒸发子系统各效有效传热温差Δt_i的分配和多级预热子系统各级预热温升Δt_的分配分别采用等面积法、等温差法、自由配比法等进行分配并采用矩阵法结合迭代法进行设计模拟计算，其中自由配比法巧妙地将具有复杂约束条件的决策变量Δt_i和Δt_转化为取值0～1的中间决策变量τ_i、τ_，为Δt_i和Δt_的自由搜索进而为优化设计提供了一个简便的方法；在常规设计模拟计算的基础上，建立了复杂多效蒸发系统优化设计模型，该模型以系统年总费用最小为优化目标，以生蒸汽温度T_0、冷凝器中二次蒸汽温度T_K、蒸发温差配比系数τ_i和预热温升配比系数τ_为决策变量，采用遗传算法结合矩阵法求解。

The dew-point corrosion of the air preheater in the coker furnace was discussed in consideration of operation, maintenance and improvements.

空气预热器运行的好坏直接影响到加热炉的热效率，文章结合焦化装置加热炉空气预热器的使用、维修、改进等，论述了预热器存在的露点腐蚀问题。

But for the mesothermal and low temperature power generation by waste heat introduced distributing hot air,the power generated by unit heat enery is then increased greatly——by distributing the hot air entered the preheater,the ratio of gas and solid is decreased,the heat efficiency of the pr.

采用热气体分流的中低温余热发电技术，即：将入预热器系统的热气体予以分流，降低了预热器内气固比，提高了预热器系统热效率；同时使原预热器出口烟气中的低级热能转移至温度较高的烟气中，热能得到升级，可大幅度提高其余热发电量。

The sectors are subdividable for higher preciseness. The temperature distributions of the gas, air and hea...

给出的不同类型回转式空气预热器的具体算例和分析表明，该方法具有计算精度高、适用范围广的特点，既适用于两分仓回转式空气预热器，也适用于三分仓回转式空气预热器；既可以用于回转式空气预热器的热力计算，也可以用于对其进行变工况分析计算。

In order to study the effects of pre-heating on the sensitivity of cells to tumor necrosis factor-α, the K562 cells were pre-heated at 40℃ for different times to induce heat shock protein 70(HSP70). To observe the effects of TNF-α concentration on the sensitivity of pre-heated cells, cells were pre-heated for 60 min and treated with TNF-α(50,100,200 and 400U/ml) for 16 hours, and the cells vitalities were detected by MTT.

为探讨预热对肿瘤细胞肿瘤坏死因子α敏感性的影响及其机理，将白血病患者胸腔渗出细胞系(K562细胞)在40℃预热不同时间(0、30、60、90、120、150和180min)，使细胞热应激蛋白70(HSP70)高表达；然后将预热60min细胞和未预热细胞分别暴露于50、100、200和400U/ml的TNF-α16小时，用MTT比色法检测细胞活力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。