顿悟

In a word, these results indicate that there were no any difference of spatiotemporal cortical activation patterns underlying the early stage of insight problem solving between Aha logogriphs and No-aha logogriphs. In the process of activating heuristic information and then hastening the onset of insight, LPFC/ACC played an important role, which may be associated with the breaking of mental set successfully and the forming of novel associations in insight. The "Aha" feeling mainly provoked the PCC brain region in the solving the logogriph at last.

综合实验6与实验7的结果，我们认为，在字谜解决的早期，"有顿悟"与"无顿悟"字谜所诱发的脑电并没有明显的差异，原型激活可能主要发生在字谜解决的1400 ms左右，字谜的成功解决在1400-2000 ms内导致了左侧额中回／扣带前回的更强激活，这可能与原型激活以后，被试利用启发信息，突破思维定势，形成新异联系的认知过程有关；随后在2000-2500 ms内，字谜的成功解决则诱发了强烈的情绪体验，导致了扣带后回的明显激活。

And we established a new material which included some sortable indexes to each base logogriph, such as difficulty, accuracy and reaction time. Each pair of riddles included one base logogriph and a target logogriph. A new experimental paradigm was also adopted: a two-stage model for learning-testing, so as to research the time course of successful insight problem solving. Firstly, subjects learned a logogriph (a base logogriph with the answer offered)—learning stage, and then they were asked to solve a homotypical logogriph (a target logogriph, and the base logogriph learned beforehand would provide heuristic information for solving the target logogriph)—testing stage.

在原型激活理论的指导下，本研究通过实验1与实验2初步建立了用于顿悟认知与脑机制研究的字谜材料库，弥补了以往顿悟脑机制研究材料方面的欠缺，主要表现为：首先在材料类型上保证了同质性，都是选用的中国传统文化中的字谜；其次，有足够多的数量，能够满足脑成像研究的多次重复测量和叠加的要求；再次，材料是一一配对的，即每对字谜都由源字谜和靶字谜共同组成，便于研究原型启发效应；最后，提供了多数字谜材料的相关信息，每一个字谜都有正确率、反应时、启发量、巧妙性、难度等分类指标。

The structure mainly consists of "picaresque adventures" and "epiphany" of the protagonist .

另一方面，分析两种顿悟……自发产生的顿悟和震撼性的顿悟对整部小说所起到的画龙点睛的作用。

Whetting to practice oneself is not easy, even is a sainted master to also just realize suddenly a little more, after realize suddenly again with ordinary people just like.

磨练自己是不容易的，即使是德高望重的大师也只是顿悟多些，顿悟之后又与常人无异了。

This article selected the nine-dot problem as the material and investigated the inherent relation between the acquisition of insight in resolving the nine-dot problem and activation of heuristic information in prototypal matters through the learning and testing phases.

采用先学习源事件、后进行顿悟问题解决的两阶段实验范型，探讨了大学生解决九点四划问题的成功顿悟与源事件中所包含的启发信息提取之间的内在联系。结果发现，在顿悟问题解决阶段，只有激活学习阶段所获得的源事件中所包含的启发信息，才能成功解决顿悟问题。

And these results supported the idea that the activation of the prototypal matters came as a result of automatic processing and the activation of heuristic information in prototypal matters maybe the result of automatic processing. Thus, the two-stage model for learning-testing was designed to make subjects find a solution on their own initiative rather than just receive and comprehend the given answers passively.

通过对行为研究的系统分析，我们认为通过学习-测试的两阶段范式，运用微观发生法，加入原型学习阶段，可以成功催生顿悟，不仅保证了让被试主动去解决顿悟问题，还缩短了&酝酿期&，为采用ERP技术探讨顿悟的脑内时程特点提供了可能。

Based on its theory of all-including emptiness,Mahayana generally adopts thepractice of awakening in a flash of insight;however,the uniqueness of Zen is that itsreflecting object is one's own character,which means returning directly back to one'sown nature.

大乘佛教在诸法性空的理论基础上普遍主张顿悟，禅宗的不同，在于其主张顿悟自己本心，直了见性。

In a word, these results indicate that there were no any difference of spatiotemporal cortical activation patterns underlying the early stage of insight problem solving between Aha logogriphs and No-aha logogriphs. In the process of activating heuristic information and then hastening the onset of insight, LPFC/ACC played an important role, which may be associated with the breaking of mental set successfully and the forming of novel associations in insight. The "Aha" feeling mainly provoked the PCC brain region in the solving the logogriph at last.

综合实验6与实验7的结果，我们认为，在字谜解决的早期，&有顿悟&与&无顿悟&字谜所诱发的脑电并没有明显的差异，原型激活可能主要发生在字谜解决的1400 ms左右，字谜的成功解决在1400-2000 ms内导致了左侧额中回／扣带前回的更强激活，这可能与原型激活以后，被试利用启发信息，突破思维定势，形成新异联系的认知过程有关；随后在2000-2500 ms内，字谜的成功解决则诱发了强烈的情绪体验，导致了扣带后回的明显激活。

Results showed that Aha logogriphs which subjects guessed correctly elicited a more positive ERP deflection than did No-aha logogriphs which subjects could not guess in the time window from 200-600 ms (P200-600) after onset of the riddle.

结果发现，在字谜呈现后的200-600 ms(P200-400)内，&有顿悟&比&无顿悟&字谜诱发的ERP有一个更加正向的偏移；在随后的1500-2000 ms(LNC1)以及2000-2500 ms(LNC2)内，&有顿悟&比&无顿悟&所诱发的ERP则有一个更加负向的偏移。

We love to believe in science by epiphany, but the work of real scientists is to rigorously test their epiphanies after they have been boiled down to working hypotheses.

我们惯于相信科学上的顿悟，但是真正的科学家的工作，是在他们已经表明是可行的假说后，严密地检测他们的顿悟。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。