页岩

In this paper, much energy has been placed on phosphate concretion re search which host in black shales of Dou Shantuo Fm. and Nu Titang Fm、 Research contents include mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry character istics of phosphate concretions. Element distributive characteristics are ana lysed using Synchrotron Radiation techniques. Additionally, sulfur isotopes of francolite and their significance are discussed in this paper. The results are as following

本文开展了晚震旦世陡山沱组以及早寒武世牛蹄塘组两套黑色页岩中磷结核的研究，对产于这两套黑色页岩中磷结核的矿物组成、地球化学等方面开展了研究，首次运用了同步幅射X-荧光探针对结核内元素的分析特征进行了分析，同时还测定了磷的硫同位素并讨论了其意义，所得出的结果简述如下

Therefore, it is extremely important to study the mechanisms of shale hydration and search for efficient restraining measures.

因此深入研究泥页岩水化机理，并探索有效抑制泥页岩水化的方法具有极其重要的意义。

The Lower/Upper Cretaceous boundary in Songliao Basin is,therefore,between the Quantou and Denglouku formations,instead of between the Quantou and Qingshankou formations.2.The dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are of high organic carbon and low diasteranes contents.Organic geochemical characters are illustrated by biomarkers of 28,30-bisnorhopane and gammacerane,and positive excursion of kerogen isotopes.It is suggested that the dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are the products of lake anoxic period.It corresponds to the oceanic anoxic event at Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Cretaceous.3.Based on the study of biostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,magnetostratigraphy and event stratigraphy,a correlation of the lacustrine sequence to marine standard has been proposed,i.e.,the Quantou Formation corresponds to Cenomanian stage,Qingshankou Formation correlates to Later Cenomanian-Early Turonian,Yaojia Formation to Later Turonian-Coniacian,Nenjiang Formation to Santonian-Campanian.Sifangtai and Minshui Formations to Maastrichtian. 4.Analysis of lithology,lithofacies and microfossils of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin, shows that shore and shallow lake facies yield the most abundant microfossil groups,and the predelta and deltaic distributary plain facies rich in fossils as well.In the shore and shallow lake areas during the high level periods(such as Qingshankou and Nenjiang sedimentary periods),the lacustrine biota are of high diversity and high abundance.

因此，松辽盆地上、下白垩统的界线应在泉头组的底界，即泉头组与登娄库组之间，而不是泉头组的顶界。2、青山口组一段黑色泥岩、页岩具有有机碳含量高、重排甾烷含量低，生物标志物出现28，30—双降藿烷和伽马蜡烷，干酷根碳同位素具有正向偏移等有机地球化学特征，表征为青山口组一段黑色页岩、油页岩是古湖泊缺氧事件的产物，它对应于白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian—Turonian期界线附近缺氧事件，二者具同步性。3、通过生物地层学、年代地层学、磁性地层学和事件地层学研究，认为泉头阶大体相当于Cenomanian阶，青山口阶相当于晚Cenomanian—早Turonian阶，姚家阶对应于晚Turonian—Coniacian阶，嫩江阶对应于Santonian—Campanian阶，四方台阶和明水阶相当于Maastrichtian阶。4、通过对松辽盆地上白垩统的岩性、岩相及微体化石分析，认为滨浅湖相是微体生物群最为发育的相带，其次为三角洲前缘相和三角洲分流平原相。

The and shale particles hydration is checked through altering their surface charge and compressing their diffused double layer with polyalcohol adsorbing.

多元醇吸附在泥页岩颗粒表面，改变其表面电荷，压缩扩散双电层，抑制泥页岩颗粒水化

And the key is to take advantage of the physical and chemical properties of shale or mud to enable the shale or mud to form a semipermeable membrane or form a high quality partition membrane on the wall of the well, so as to prevent the mud from flowing into the formation to effectively stabilize the wall of the well and protect the reservoir.

水基钻井液成膜技术是当今研究的热点，其核心技术是利用页岩或钻井液的物理、化学特性，使页岩或钻井液具有半透膜的性能或在井壁上形成一层较高质量的隔离膜，阻止钻井液向地层的进一步滤失，从而有效地稳定井壁和保护油气层。

Shales extraordinary low permeability and semipermeable membrane efficiency of shales and water based drilling fluid system were measured quantitatively.

利用该方法定量测定了泥页岩极低渗透率和泥页岩与水基钻井液体系半透膜效率。

The early Palaeozoic black shales widely distributed in southern China, which were majorly formed in followimg periods: Hetang period of Early Cambrian, Miaopu period of Middle Ordovision, Wufeng period of Late Ordonision and Longmaxi period of Silurian.

本文通过对四期缺氧期间黑色页岩的分布、沉积特征及古构造、古地理背景的研究，指出华南缺氧事件和黑色页岩的形成可以由地内或地外的多种因素引起。

Shale gas reservoirs may probably develop in organic-rich shale of Silurian in southern China.

预测中国南方志留系等富有机质页岩发育区是页岩气藏的勘探潜力地区。

The result indicated that suitable thickness of paddy soil is about 15cm,and for dry arable land it should not be lower than 20cm;The alluvial rivers parent material is the best one to influent the output,the rice fields is the worst with the parent material of slate ground,while the dry and plough land is the worst for its purple sand shale parent material;The paddy rice is best with the acid soil,and the dry crop is the best with the neutral soil;The obstacles horizon exist in 35.2%of the rice fields in research region,and many for middle or top digit obstacles.

结果表明，水稻土的适宜耕层厚度为15 cm左右，旱耕地适宜耕层厚度应不低于20cm；成土母质对产量的影响以河湖沉积物母质最好，稻田以板页岩母质最差，旱耕地以紫色砂页岩母质最差；水稻以酸性土最好，旱作以中性土最好；研究区稻田有35.2%的存在障碍层，且多为中、高位障碍，是影响水稻产量整体提高的主要因素；水稻和旱作都以壤土为最好，其中，稻作怕砂，旱作怕粘；水稻土适宜的容重为1.00—1.29 g/cm~3。

The aeolian silty sand in shale can provide good guide to study of paleoclimate about lacustrine shale and varve, and to reconstruct sedimentary environment of paleolake accurately.

页岩中风成粉砂沉积的发现，可以进一步为研究有关湖相页岩和第四纪纹泥的古气候变化、正确恢复古湖泊沉积环境提供良好的指标。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。