音位

If two phonemes can occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning, they are in phonemic contrast.

如果两个音位出现在相同场合并具有区别意义，那么它们就说处于音位对立状态。

The former is called phonemic contrast, they can occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning.

音位对立是指不同音位之间的关系，它们可以出现在不同的语音组合的同一位置，产生意义差别，如 rope 和 robe 中的/p/和

The development of speech sounds was investigated using the analysis framework of phonemic contrast in Putonghua-speaking children.

普通话言语的发展：言语清晰度、音位对比及声学特征本研究采用音位对比的分析框架研究讲普通话儿童的言语声的发展，研究中采用了临床中的两种角度：知觉任务和声学性质。

Phonemic contrast refers to the relation between two phonemes.

音位对立是指音位之间的关系。

For example, in English, drawn-out vowels are usually diphthongized so that even a single phoneme may consist of unexpected tongue movement (or, according to some linguists, a single grapheme may actually represent two phonemes).

例如，在英语中，拉长的元音通常会变成双元音，所以即使是单一的音位也可能包含意料之外的舌头动作（或者，根据某些语言学家的说法，单一的字位事实上可能代表两个音位）。

Complementary distribution: If two allophones of the same phoneme occur in the different environment and distinguish meaningare, they said to be in complementary distribution.

两个来自相同音位的音位变体，在不同的场合出现，具有区别意义的作用，就具有互补分布的特点。

The latter is called complementary distribution; they are two allophones of the same phoneme. They only occur in different environments.

互补分布是指音位变体之间的关系，同一个音位的不同变体在语音组合中永远不会出现在相同的位置上，它们没有区别意义的作用，如 top 中的送气的和 stop 中不送气的。

Clear 〔1〕 and dark 〔1〕 are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in complementary __ distribution.

清晰的〔1〕音和模糊的〔1〕音是同一个音位/1/的音位变体，他们在声音组合中处于不同的位置，因此他们构成互补分布的关系。

I.39 What are phones and phonemes and allophones?

什么是音素、音位、音位变体？

Some English phonemes do not have Chinese counterparts.

有些英语中的音位在中文中并没有对应的音位。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。