韧皮部

The studies on the dionomics of Dendroctonus valens show that this pest overwinters mainly as adult or 3~4 larva in roots of pine at Hancheng region in Shaanxi Province. It occurres 2 generations one year by adult overwintering and 1generation one year by larva overwintering.

红脂大小蠹原产北美洲 [1~3]， 1996年随木材贸易传入我国， 2001年发现于陕西省黄龙桥山林区，现已在延安和渭南地区发生危害，涉及 4个县的 18个林场，主要危害 20a生以上油松活立木的基部和根部，以成虫和幼虫蛀食树体韧皮部，短期内可导致被害木枯萎死亡。

Report gene and in situ hybridization indicate the expression of OsPTF1 in leaf, lateral root and root phloem except for epidermic cells in root.

通过报道基因和RNA原位杂交分析表明，OsPTF1在叶片各组织中均表达，在侧根和根的韧皮部区域表达，但在表皮细胞中不表达。

Using electronic microscopy and cytochemical methods, we studied the distribution changes of the cell ergastic substance and development of secondary vascular tissues. Development of secondary vascular tissue took on an inherent rhythm, showing alternation of dormant and differentiated stages in periodicity of one year, and the formation of secondary phloem and xylem was alternate.

利用电镜技术及细胞化学方法，研究了美洲黑杨次生维管组织的发育以及细胞内含物分布的变化，发现次生维管组织的发育具有内在节律性，在年周期中表现为分化期和休眠期交替出现；次生韧皮部与次生木质部交替分化形成。

Vascular plants Plants containing differentiated cells forming conducting tissue (vascular tissue, also known as fascicular tissue), which comprises the xylem and phloem.

维管植物：具有能够形成体内运输组织(维管组织：包括木质部和韧皮部)的分化细胞的植物。

Different plant expression vectors had been respectively transferred into upland cotton cultivars Jinman12, Jinmian7, Xinluzao1 and Jihe321 via Agrobacterium tumfaciens transformation. These vectors carried cryIAc3 gene, which encodes Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, under the control of chimeric OM promoter, CaMV 35S promoter, and cotton leaf curl virus RP promoter respectively; snowdrop lectin gene (Galanthus nivals agglutinin, gna) trans-regulated by rolC promoter controlled TGAla factor; and multivalent expression construct of both cryIAc3-cpti fusion gene and gna gene. A large number of transgenic plants and their progenies had been obtained.

为了提高外源基因的表达量，延缓害虫产生耐受性，本文通过将携带有分别在高效复合OM启动子，CaMV35S启动子及棉花曲叶病毒RP启动子控制下的苏云金杆菌杀虫毒蛋白基因cryIAc3；反式调节因子增强韧皮部表达的雪花莲外源凝集素(Galanthus nivals agglutinin，GNA)基因；以及同时含有cryIAc3、豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因和gna三价抗虫基因的植物表达载体，以根农杆菌介导法分别将这些表达载体导入了陆地棉新陆早1号、晋棉7号、晋棉12号和冀合321等我国西北棉花主要栽培品种，经体细胞胚再生获得了大批转基因再生植株。

Quercetin, quercetin rhamnoside, hyperin, syringoside and eleutheroside E wereisolated from the flower of Acanthopanax senticosus. Searching bioactive natural compound and establishing quality evaluation standard arefocused on this experiment. Using cold immersing of 70% methanol to extract from flower ofAcanthopanax senticosus and integrating macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography,sephadex gel to abstract. We obtained five monomer compounds (compoundⅠ-compoundⅤ),quercetin, quercetin rhamnoside, hyperin, syringoside and eleutheroside E. That five compoundswere determined by HPLC in eight parts of Acanthopanax senticosus (flower, root, leaf fruit,shoot, new shoot, phloem of shoot, skin of shoot), which provide science bases for establishingquality evaluation system and settle infarctate foundation.

本文以从刺五加花蕾中寻找具有重要生物活性的天然化合物和建立质量评价标准为主要目的，对其化学成分进行研究，采用70％甲醇冷浸的方法对刺五加花蕾中的成分进行提取，运用大孔树脂吸附色谱法、硅胶柱层析法以及葡聚糖凝胶柱层析相结合的方法进行分离，得到5种单体化合物，分别为槲皮素、槲皮素鼠李糖苷、金丝桃苷、紫丁香苷和刺五加苷E；利用高效液相色谱法对这5种化合物在刺五加花蕾中的含量进行了测定；考察了8个部位(花蕾、根、叶、果、茎干、新枝、茎韧皮部、茎皮)中这5种化合物的含量分布情况，并作一比较，为今后建立刺五加质量评价体系提供了科学依据，奠定了坚实的基础。

Vascular cambium The ring of CAMBIUM formed by the activity of the interfascicular cambium and the intrafascicular cambium that gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

维管形成层：由于维管束内形成层和束间形成层的活动产生的环状形成层结构，它的分裂活动可以形成次生木质部和次生韧皮部。

The interfascicular cambium and INTRAFASCICULAR CAMBIUM link into a complete cambium cylinder that cuts off secondary xylem tissue to the inside, secondary phloem tissue to the outside, and parenchyma cells both sides.

束间形成层和束中形成层组成一个完整的形成层环。形成层以内为次生木质部，形成层以外是次生韧皮部。薄壁组织细胞形成维管射线。

Intrafascicular CAMBIUM between xylem and phloem. Apical initials are rarely single cells except in certain lower plants, and initiate more than one structure, e.g.

这种细胞存在于根和芽的顶端分生组织以及在原来分裂组织基础上形成的侧生分生组织，如位于木质部和韧皮部之间的束中形成层。

Abstracts:Ash beech borer dies once a year.Its young worms decays drill in oleaceae ash plants of the genus phloem and xylem and makes the tree bark longitudinal crack or collapse and even cause trees death. and wither.

摘 要：白蜡窄吉丁虫在沈阳地区，主要以幼虫在木樨科梣属树木的韧皮部与木质部间钻蛀危害，使树皮纵裂或崩开，导致树木枯萎死亡。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。