韧皮部

Subcellular localization of ATPase activity in the flesh of developing apple fruit was carried outusing a lead phosphate precipitation technique via electron-microscope. The ultrastrcture of phloemand its surrounding cells was also observed. The results showed that ATPase activity wasdominantly localized on the plasma membranes of sieve element/companion cell complex.

应用铅沉淀的细胞化学方法，研究了发育过程中苹果果肉内卸载区(韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞)ATP酶的亚细胞分布和变化，并且，作为补充，观察了韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构。

The ultrastructural changes during the development of sieve element companion cell complex (SE/CC complex) in Populus deltoides were investigated using electronic microscopy. The result showed that SE and CC tome from the same secondary phloem mother cell. The development of sieve element went through three stages, i. e. immature, mature, and degenerate stage. In immature stages the sieve element presented radial expansion, cell wall thickening, and production of sieve plastid and P-protein. The cytoplasma selectivly autolysed in mature stage. At the same time, karyoplasm was dispersed, and nuclear envelope was not clear, or karyoplasm was disorgnized, and nuclear envelope was clear. The karyopalsm finally turned into P-protein. In degenerate stage, the cytoplasm completely disappeared, and the function was lost.

利用电镜技术研究美洲黑杨次生韧皮部筛管和伴胞发育过程中细胞超微结构的动态变化，观察到筛管和伴胞由同一个次生韧皮部衍生细胞分裂分化形成筛管约发育历经未成熟期、成熟期和衰退期的变化未成熟期筛管分子表现为细胞的径向扩展、壁的增厚、筛管质体和P-蛋白质的产生；成熟期筛管分子细胞组分发生选择性自溶，细胞核核质弥散状，核膜不清晰，或核膜清晰而核物质降解，最后细胞核完全解体转化为P-蛋白质类的物质；衰退期筛管分子细胞质完全解体消失，失去功能。

The Cork was consisted of five or six layer long cells. The secondary phloem occupied 46% of the diameter of root, and the parenchymas cell was abundant of the inclusions. The secondary xylem consisted of vessel, xylary radial ,and a little of xylary parenchyma cells. Some segment of hypha, swelled hypha, pelotons and conidiophore were colonied in cork and secondary phloem.

周皮由木栓层，木栓形成层和栓内层组成，其中木栓层由5～6 列长形细胞组成；维管组织中次生韧皮部所占根径的比例达46%，其薄壁细胞中内含物较丰富，次生木质部中分布有导管和木射线及少量木薄壁组织；在格木木栓层和次生韧皮部中分布有菌丝片段、膨大的菌丝和菌丝团及分生孢子。

The PROTOPHLOEM and METAPHLOEM are primary tissues and derived from the procambium,while the secondary phloem is formed from the VASCULAR CAMBIUM.

原生韧皮部和后生韧皮部属于初生组织，来源于原形成层，而次生韧皮部由维管形成层产生。

Aphids in the process of inhaling plant sap virus particles and auxiliary proteins also be inhaled, thus completing the process by poison, which also supports the field citrus aphid is non-persistent decline disease vector of disease, while the citrus Huanglongbing is phloem restricted by the bacteria caused the main pathogens present in the phloem, the fleas only by phloem feeding in diseased plants, pathogens in the body through the back to complete the salivary glands in the course of the next through the sieve tube feeding in the secretion of saliva the pathogens into the healthy tree, Citrus Huanglongbing different characteristics with aphid-borne diseases, Huanglongbing to persistent disease.

蚜虫在吸入植物汁液的过程中病毒粒子和辅蛋白同时也被吸入，从而完成获毒过程，这也支持了田间蚜虫是柑桔衰退病等非持久性病害传播介体，而柑桔黄龙病是由韧皮部限制性细菌类引起，病原体主要存在于韧皮部中，木虱只有通过在病株韧皮部取食，病原在体内完成循回到唾液腺中，在下一次取食过程中通过在筛管中分泌的唾液将病原体带到健树，柑桔黄龙病与蚜虫传病特点不同，黄龙病为持久性病害。

Thin leaf section were prepared from fresh tissues of YS-lnfected and healthy citrus plants, when observed under a fluorescence microscope (Type, Olympus AH-FL-2), a yellow fluorescence was distinctly observed in the YS-infected phloem tissues and not in the phloem tissuses of healthy plants and of those infected with tristeza, exocortis, canker, scab, greasy...

将健叶和黄龙病叶叶柄用保险刀片徒手切片，在透射式荧光显微镜下检查，可看到健叶叶柄的木质部导管细胞壁发黄色荧光，韧皮纤维细胞发绿色荧光，而病叶叶柄韧皮部中有1～多个鲜明的黄色或黄绿色荧光团块。这种特异性的荧光，在健叶柄韧皮部中是没有的，其它由病毒、类病毒、细菌、真菌等病原引起的病叶柄韧皮部中亦没有此种特异性荧光。

The results showed that at the beginning stage of being attacked by Chinesis white pine beetle and their symbiotic blue-stain fungus, PAL, PPO, SOD activities and MDA content significantly increased in the phloem of P. armandi, and decreased with the increase of the number of D. armandi and the attacking on the xylem and phloem of P. armandi from blue-stain fungus, then reached the minimum level in withering stage of P. armandi. But the contents of nutrition materials in the phloem, such as water, protein, glucide, fat, amylum and so on, declined with the infestation of D. armandi and symbiotic fungus. In summary, the resistance of physiology and biochemistry in the phloem of P.

结果表明，在华山松大小蠹和共生蓝变真菌危害初期，华山松韧皮部内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著提高，丙二醛含量明显增加；但随着华山松大小蠹种群数量的增加和蓝变真菌对华山松韧皮部和木质部组织危害的加剧，韧皮部组织内的PAL、PPO和SOD活性逐渐降低，在枯立木阶段降至最低；与此同时，华山松韧皮部内的水分及蛋白质、糖类、粗脂肪、淀粉等营养物质含量，则随华山松大小蠹和共生蓝变真菌危害的加剧而不断减少。

The results showed that glucose and fructose are primary soluble sugars from night to 10: 00 a.m. in mature leaves, but during 13: 00 - 16: 00 p.m., stachyose becomes the most abundant oligosaccharide, this diurnal change is mostly due to the tempestuous fluctuation of stachyose concentration in mature leaves. During photoassimilate transportation, the p rimary soluble sugar in phloem sap is stachyose. When transportation is finished, sucrose becomes the main sugar in phloem sap. Cucumber leavesmay store photoassimilate in the forms of starch, glucose, fructose, stachyose and sucrose at night. The concentrations of glucose, fructose and stachyose in phloem sap are much lower than in leaves at that time. There may be some unique mechanisms modulating source-sink translocation by which soluble sugars in leaveswere prevented from loading into the phloem further during night.

结果表明夜间至上午10： 00，葡萄糖和果糖是叶片中主要的可溶性糖，而下午13： 00至16： 00，水苏糖成为成熟叶片中含量最高的可溶性糖，这种变化主要由叶片中水苏糖含量剧烈的昼夜变化引起；当黄瓜同化物从源叶向外运输时，韧皮部汁液中的可溶性糖以水苏糖为主，运输完毕后则以蔗糖为主；黄瓜成熟叶片在夜间以淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、水苏糖、蔗糖等各种形式贮藏尚未运出的同化物，而此时韧皮部汁液中葡萄糖、果糖、水苏糖的含量极低，可能有特定的源库调节机制阻止叶片中的可溶性糖在夜间进一步向韧皮部中装载。

Fire resistance of Pinus armandii bole were tested with fuel bed designed by the authors during the prohibitive period of forest fire. The mortality rate was accounted with a program developed by the authors with Visual Basic 6.0 after the phloem of samples were soaked with 4% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solutions, then painted and scanned the distributing map of mortal and living phloem, purified the map color with Photoshop. Relationships between fire resistance of the bole and diameter, wood bark thickness, temperature, and heating time were anayzed. Countermeasures of forest fire protection were put forward.

在森林防火戒严期，用自行设计的装置对云南主要造林树种华山松进行了不同温度、时间作用下的树干耐火性试验，用红四氮唑对高温作用后的树干韧皮部进行了染色，经勾绘、扫描后用Photoshop软件将死亡的韧皮部处理成易于计算机识别的纯色，用Visual Basic 6.0编写的程序计算了树干韧皮部的死亡率，初步分析了华山松树干耐火性率与树干直径、树皮厚度、受热温度、受热时间的关系，据此提出了相应的森林消防措施。

The probing behaviors of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Gothe, on nine tea cultivars were studied by videotext Direct Current-Electrical Penetration Graph, i. e. DC-EPG. Following seven types of waveforms produced by the leafhopper stylet probing were determined: A, stylet pathway formation; S, salivation when stylets pierce into and stay in phloem; C, active ingestion before stylets reach phloem; E and F, passive ingestion in phloem; R, the insect resting with its stylet inserted into the leaf tissue and NP, not probing.

应用可视DC-EPG方法研究了假眼小绿叶蝉在9个品种茶苗上的口针刺探行为，共发现并初步确定了7种主要波型，即A波、S波、C波、E波、F波和R波、以及非刺探波NP波。A波为刺探波，S波为口针向韧皮部刺探和进入韧皮部中的分泌唾液波，C波为口针到达韧皮部之前的主动取食波，E波和F波为口针在韧皮部中吸收波，R波为取食间歇波。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。