韧带的

The majority of these injuries require combined anterior and posterior fixation because of the severe degree of bony and ligamentous disruption they exhibit.22,23 Today, with improved anesthesia and improved anterior locking plates and posterior segmental fixation systems,2,3,5–8,16,18,22,27 a combined anterior and posterior procedure is not as daunting a task.

由于存在严重的骨和韧带结构的破坏，这种类型的损伤大多需要前后路联合固定。现在，随着麻醉技术的进步，前方锁定钢板和后方节段内固定系统的改进，联合前后路操作已不再是一项另人畏惧的工作。

The finite element model of the elbow joint accords with the actual human anatomy, and can provide new way for the diagnosis and treatment of elbow joint diseases; stabilization of elbow joint is related to the maintenance of collateral ligaments and myotasis.

本研究建立的肘关节三位有限元模型与人体解剖实际相符，此为临床肘关节疾病的诊治提供了新的思路；肘关节的稳定还涉及到周围侧副韧带维持及肌肉的牵拉，模型有待进一步完善。

Abstract］ Objective To explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（C3～C7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（C3～C7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。

They were divided into two groups. Eight of them underwent lateral retinacular overlap suture and medial retinacular release operation to create patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration.

山羊髌股关节和胫股关节软骨退变模型的建立选用山羊16只，其中8只采用外侧支持带紧缩和内侧支持带松解的方法制造髌股关节退变的模型，另外8只采用前交叉韧带切断和内侧半月板切除的方法制造胫股关节退变的模型。

objective to investigate the effect of radiography and method of operation on the surgical indication as well as the operation treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis.methods the data of 300 cases with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis were reviewed from jan 1999 to dec 2004.all cases were treated by the method of minimal invasive open operation.the nucleus was resected through an 3.5～4.5cm in length.the sacrospinalis muscle between laminae was stripped partly and the part of upper lamina and the part of medial facet was resected.

目的 探讨影像学检查和手术方法对腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症手术方式和适应证的影响。方法自1999年1月～2004年12月，为300例腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症患者实施微创开放式手术，做3.5～4.5cm长的皮肤切口，剥离椎间的部分骶棘肌，咬除部分椎板上缘及小关节内侧缘后，摘除髓核，并根据需要做半椎板或全椎板手术或扩大神经根管和切除肥厚的黄韧带及神经管内的骨性增生。

Giorgio's first comments were typical of someone who was relieved afterfearing the worst: Fortunately the ligament is ok – he confessed coming out ofthe Fornaca Clinic in Turin – so any risk of more serious damagehas been exorcized, which would have meant missing most of the season.

Giorgio的初步注解是一份典型的某些害怕最坏结果的安慰剂：很幸运韧带没有问题。在他离开都灵的Fornaca诊所的时候他承认，因此任何关于严重伤病——意味着缺席一个赛季的威胁都去除了。

The net effects of intrinsic muscle loss include the disturbance of precision and fine motor coordination, diminished muscle volume, severe impairment of power pinch and grasp, and creation of posture deformity to the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. We describe a 29-year-old man suffering low median-nerve and ulnar-nerve palsy with claw hand deformity.

我们报告一位29岁男性汽车修护工人，因为先前的正中及尺神经受伤而造成正中及尺神经控制的肌肉麻痹，甚至产生爪形手变形，由於他需要改善手部抓握功能来进行他的日常工作，於是我们采取使用桡侧伸腕短肌肌腱合并使用伸趾肌腱韧带移植来重建手部的抓握功能，并矫正手指的变形。

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the COCH and POU3F4/brn4 gene's expression. To investigate in vitro characteristics of COCH gene's expession, two factors were introduced in the culture medium of spiral ligament type Ⅰ fibrocytes respectively. Firstly, phosphorothionate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleiotides to POU3F4/brn4 mRNA was applied to study the regulation effects of POU3F4/brn4 to COCH gene transcription.

引入人工合成的针对POU3F4／brn4基因mRNA的反义硫代磷酸寡聚脱氧核苷酸，干扰耳蜗螺旋韧带Ⅰ型成纤维细胞POU3F4／brn4的表达，免疫印迹检测反义干扰细胞POU3F4／brn4蛋白条带的强弱，RT-PCR检测反义寡核苷酸干扰细胞COCH基因转录水平的变化，观察POU3F4／brn4对COCH基因的转录调控作用。

Media revealed that Bryant's injury is not a simple stamp injury to his right index finger joints appear avulsion fracture, injury, while the index finger ligaments Department also showed that there are fragments of bone, as Bryant insisted on re - debut game, the Lakers medical staff in the game space has only adopted a conservative treatment, using bandages will be fixed Bryant's finger.

赛后据美国媒体透露，科比的伤势并不是简单的戳伤，他的右手食指关节处出现撕脱骨折型损伤，而食指关节韧带处骨头也显示有碎片，由于科比执意要重新登场比赛，湖人队医在比赛间隙只是采取了一个保守性的治疗方法，用绑带将科比的手指进行固定。

What it actually does: It strengthens a motion your legs aren't actually designed to do, and can put undue strain on the ligaments and tendons surrounding the kneecaps.

该动作实际效果：从生理结构上来说，这是一个不自然的动作，您的腿并非天生设计用来做这样的一个动作。它会给膝关节周围的韧带和肌腱带来超负荷的额外压力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。