韧带的

MethodTo cut the lamina arcus vertebrae on upper 1/3 level from L2 to S1 acantha,chisel the lamina arcus vertebrae on inner edge of little processus articularis upward and lift the acanthi、lamina arcus vertebrae、ligamentum flavum upward, the spinal cannel was exposed.

方法自L2～S1各棘突、椎板的上1／3水平截骨，小关节突内缘两侧椎板向上凿开，将棘突、椎板、黄韧带向上掀起，显露椎管，节段切开硬脊膜行SPR术。

To explore the "acute angle" of femur, and evaluate the bone tunnel technique in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

［目的］探讨后交叉韧带重建中股骨侧的"锐角效应"以及对骨道技术进行评价。

Several species of animals are used as a model to study human anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

数种动物已被用于做研究人类膝关节前交叉韧带重建的模型。

Objective: To investigate the MR findings of anterior cruciate ligament tears.

目的：研究膝关节前交叉韧带撕裂的MRI表现。

Background Dialysis-related amyloidosis is a serious complication for patients undergoing long-term dialysis. DRA is characterized by amyloid deposition mainly in bone and joint structures, presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome, destructive arthropathy, and subchondral bone erosions and cysts. The pathogenesis of this complication remains unknown.

目的 透析相关性淀粉样变是长期透析病人常见而严重的并发症，淀粉样沉积主要位于滑膜和韧带等骨关节组织，导致侵蚀性关节病变和多发性囊性骨损害等致残性疾病，但其病理机制仍未阐明。

Apart from that, it can also be used to treat a plethora of ailments such as tendonitis, bursitis, ligament injuries, spinal disorders, post-op rehabilitation and injury recoveries.

此外，它也可以用於治疗疾病，如过多的肌腱炎，滑囊炎，韧带损伤，脊柱疾病，后运康复和伤害回收率。

If the capitellum is very comminuted, more

远端分离的程度要有限制，既能暴露肱骨小头，又要避免损伤环状韧带和骨间后神经。

The main components were a lateral expansion to the oblique popliteal ligament; a direct arm, which attached to the tibia; and an anterior arm. The oblique popliteal ligament, the largest posterior knee structure, formed a broad fascial sheath over the posterior aspect of the knee and measured 48.0 mm in length and 9.5 mm wide at its medial origin and 16.4 mm wide at its lateral attachment. It had two lateral attachments, one to the meniscofemoral portion of the posterolateral joint capsule and one to the tibia, along the lateral border of the posterior cruciate ligament facet. The semimembranosus also had a distal tibial expansion, which formed a posterior fascial layer over the popliteus muscle.

主要的部分是一个可以侧方扩展的腘斜韧带，最大的膝关节后方的组织结构，形成了一个较大的筋膜外皮位于膝关节的后方，测量结果显示长度为48mm，边缘宽度为9.5mm，侧方附件的宽度为16.4mm，它具有两个方面的附件，一个位于半月板股骨间部分的后外侧关节囊和一个在胫骨端的后叉韧带边缘，半膜肌同时也存在一个远处的胫骨扩展，形成了一个后方的筋膜附着腘肌。

The principles of the operative technique are to (1) restore coronoid stability throughfracture fixation (type-II or III fractures7) or through anterior capsular repair (a type-I fracture),(2) restore radial head stability through fracture fixation or replacement with a metal prosthesis,(3) restore lateral stability through repair of the lateral collateral ligament complex and associated so-called secondary constraints such as the common extensor origin and/or the posterolateral capsule,(4) repair the medial collateral ligament in patients with residual posterior instability, and (5) apply a hinged external fixator when conventional repair does not establish sufficient joint stability to allow early motion.

外科手术的原则是：①通过骨折固定(2型骨折或3型骨折)或者经前方关节囊修复(1型骨折)恢复冠状突的稳定。②通过骨折固定或假体置换恢复桡骨头的稳定性③通过修复侧副韧带以及相关的所谓的次要限制如伸肌群起点和后外侧关节囊。④残余的后侧不稳，修复内侧副韧带⑤当传统的修复方法不能建立有效的关节稳定以便允许早期活动时，可以应用外固定器。

BACKGROUND: This is a systematic review of studies on the prevalence of osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint more than 10 years after an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the radiologic classification methods used, and risk factors for development of knee osteoarthritis.

舒芬太尼在关节镜前交叉韧带重建的出院病人关节内镇痛作用的前瞻性，随机，双盲研究背景：这是一项关于前交叉韧带损伤后10年以上胫股关节骨关节炎的发病率，所用的X线分类方法以及发展为膝骨性关节炎的危险因素这三者研究的系统评价。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。