韧带学

Objective To detect the position,morphous and course of transverse ligament,and to further investigate its imaging characteristics.

目的探讨横韧带的位置、形态及其走行，并深入研究其影像学特点及最佳检查方法。

Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（C3～C7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.

随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（C3～C7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。

Abstract］ Objective To explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（C3～C7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（C3～C7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。

Abstract］ objective to explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.methods fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（c3～c7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.according to the radiographic measurements,safety drill was inserted into cervical pedicle individually.the evaluation of the drill's trajectory was carried out by ct scan and three-dimension reconstruction and autopsy.results one hundred and forty drill's trajectories were made.9 holes failed with a perforation rate of 6.4%.conclusion the safety drill prepared for cervical pedicle screw hole is safe and effective and can be applied and popularized clinically.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性。方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（c3～c7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。选用安全钻头，进行实际的颈椎弓根螺钉孔道的钻探，将孔道行ct扫描，并斜位三维重建孔道形态，并以肉眼直视观察结果为金标准，评价孔道钻探的成败。结果钻探孔道准确率89.3%（125/140），穿孔率6.4%（9/140）。结论安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性均较高，可以在临床上推广使用。

objective to investigate the effect of radiography and method of operation on the surgical indication as well as the operation treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis.methods the data of 300 cases with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis were reviewed from jan 1999 to dec 2004.all cases were treated by the method of minimal invasive open operation.the nucleus was resected through an 3.5～4.5cm in length.the sacrospinalis muscle between laminae was stripped partly and the part of upper lamina and the part of medial facet was resected.

目的 探讨影像学检查和手术方法对腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症手术方式和适应证的影响。方法自1999年1月～2004年12月，为300例腰椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症患者实施微创开放式手术，做3.5～4.5cm长的皮肤切口，剥离椎间的部分骶棘肌，咬除部分椎板上缘及小关节内侧缘后，摘除髓核，并根据需要做半椎板或全椎板手术或扩大神经根管和切除肥厚的黄韧带及神经管内的骨性增生。

Total laminectomy or half laminectomy would be selected or the nerve root canal was decompressed and hypertrophied ligmentum flavum was removed along with the herriated disc was extirpated if necessary.results all cases were followed from 5 months to 77 months,with an average of 32 months.according to the nakai scale,the results were excellent in 254 cases,good in 41,fair in 5 and poor in none.including 3 cases who had been operated by microendoscopic tubular retractor,and another one had a history of chemonucleolysis.conclusion radiography is very important for suitable selection of surgical indication as well as the operation treatmeat of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis.

结果 术后随访5～77个月，平均32个月，按nakai标准评定疗效：优254例，良41例，可5例（其中在外地做过椎间盘镜术3例，木瓜酶溶核术后1例，而后到本院行此手术），差0例。结论影像学检查为腰椎管狭窄症，黄韧带肥厚的患者，体征与狭窄的定位，在腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症手术方式和适应证的选择上起重要作用。

Americans raised on "Crocodile Dundee" now assumed that all Australian men could wrestle with tigers and anacondas while getting over cruciate-ligament surgery, as Stevie once showed them live on campus "G'day LA!"

那些看着&鳄鱼邓迪&长大的美国人，当艾尔文出现在加利福尼亚大学校园时，认为所有澳大利亚人都会从十字韧带手术恢复后继续和猛虎，巨蟒为伴。

Aim: Investigation of the influence of the corticoid injected into the epidural cavity for the treatment of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc on the local tissues in the spinal cavity.

通过EB组 40例、非EB组 2 0例腰椎间盘突出症手术切除的黄韧带及椎间盘组织的组织学观察，以及前者 1 2例、后者 1 0例电镜超微结构观察的结果进行比较。

Epidural cavity ; Epidural block ; Corticoid ; Ligament flavum ; Lumbar intervertebral disc ; Histology

硬膜外腔；硬膜外腔阻滞；皮质激素；黄韧带；腰椎间盘；组织学

Although the etiology and pathophysiology of LBP during pregnancy are poorly understood, one plausible hypothesis is that causes of LBP in pregnancy are multifactorial (i.e., biomechanical stress on ligaments and joints, muscle fatigue, and the effect of the hormone relaxin on joint laxity), with ≥1 factors dominating in an indiidual case.

尽管对孕期LBP的病因学及病理生理学了解甚少，有一个似乎可信的假说宣称：孕期LBP是多因素引起的（施加在韧带和关节的生物力学上的应力、肌肉疲劳及松弛肽的关节松弛作用），对单个对象来说，有不止一个因素交互作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。