韧带学

Broad ligament defects are classified as congenital or acquired. Congenital cases have an embryologic basis due to a developmental peritoneal defect around the uterus.

阔韧带缺损分先天性的和获得性的，先天性缺损的病人其胚胎学基础是子宫周围的腹膜发育缺损。

The raw data was processed by using axial, coronal and double oblique multi-planar reformation; Images obtained were graded in terms of quality with a 5-point scale(5=excellent, 4=good, 3=fair, 2=poor, and 1=nondiagnostic). In grading image quality at axial MPR, The radiologic specialists focused on the subarcuate fossa, tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess, vestibular aqueduct and pyramidal eminence, In grading image quality at coronal MPR, attention was given to the scute, crista transversa, fenestra cochleae, lateral malleal ligament and snake eyes signature of cranial nerve, In the grading of the image quality at double oblique MPR, the radiologic specialists concentrated on the malleus, incus, stirrup bone, upper bony semicircular and aquaeductus fallopii, and then to implement statistical analysis. In order to choose the minimum tube current values and the maximum pitch that can satisfy the diagnosis request, image quality of axial, coronal and double oblique reformation images was compared with different tube current groups. 15 ears of volunteers were used to test the validity with the scanning parameter. Subsequently noise, MTF and dose length product were measured by phantoms in different tube current and pitch, the parameters obtained were compared and taken into statistics analysis.

扫描模式使用临床常用的颞骨螺旋扫描方式：管电压120 kV，准直宽度20×0.6 mm，视野200 mm，重建矩阵512×512，旋转时间1 s/r，重建层厚0.6 mm，重建间隔0.3 mm，分别改变管电流(380、300、200、160、120和80 mA)和螺距(0.8、1.0和1.2)进行扫描和重建，然后对颞骨进行横断面、冠状面和双斜面多平面重组，于重组后的横断层面图像上选取弓形下窝、鼓膜张肌腱、面神经隐窝、前庭导水管和锥隆起5个解剖结构，冠状面重组图像上选取盾板、横嵴、蜗窗、面神经的蛇眼征和锤骨外侧韧带5个解剖结构，双斜面重组图像上选取锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、上骨半规管和面神经管5个解剖结构，在双盲的情况下由放射学专家分别对各管电流和螺距下扫描的重组图像进行评分，随后进行统计学处理，从中筛选出满足诊断要求的最低管电流值和最大的螺距，分别采用患者25例(15耳)用该管电流值和螺距验证其可行性；然后利用模体分别测试各管电流和螺距下的图像的空间分辨率、噪声及其剂量长度积，并对测试所得参数数值进行比较和统计学处理。

Histologic ealuation was performed on 20 ligamentum flaum samples, which were collected during surgery. Trichrome

虽然已有这方面的组织学和生物学文献，但是黄韧带肥厚的病理机理依然不甚明了。

OBJECTIVE: To observe the histologic changes of ACL following reefing treatment, so as to investigate the optimal location to exercise RF reefing on.

目的：观察前交叉韧带不同部位进行射频紧缩后的组织学变化，以确定前交叉韧带射频紧缩的最佳部位。

BACKGROUND: The radiofrequency reefing has been widely used in clinic, and anterior cruciate ligament laxity is one of its indications. However, the histologic changes of ACL following reefing treatment remain unknown.

背景：射频紧缩已广泛用于临床，前交叉韧带松弛为射频紧缩治疗的适应证，但紧缩治疗后前交叉韧带的组织学变化尚不清楚。

The last 4 dogs were used to obtain 8 ACLs, out of which 2 ones received immediate RF reefing and the following histomorphological observation and the other 6 ones who received no reefing were taken as the controls.

另外4只家犬取前交叉韧带8条，2条用于即时射频紧缩后的组织学观察，另外6条作为空白对照组不进行紧缩。

Radiographic studies in 6 patients with C-1 fractures demonstrated a unilateral sagittal split of the lateral mass but an intact transverse atlantal ligament.

6例C-1骨折病人的影像学研究证实这类骨折仅为单侧的侧块矢状裂，而未合并寰韧带的横断。

"The most common imaging findings in patients with lower back pain were soft tissue changes, mainly facet joint effusion, 85.5 percent, and interspinal ligament swelling, 80.6 percent," according to Nefise Cagla Tarhan, MD, lead author of the study.

&最常见的影像学表现在患者下背痛是软组织的变化，主要是关节积水，百分之85.5 ，和interspinal韧带肿胀，百分之80.6 ，&根据Nefise Cagla Tarhan ，医学博士，领导这一研究的。

These 3 characteristics are:(1) injury morphology as determined by the pattern of spinal column disruption on available imaging studies,(2) integrity of the disco-ligamentous soft tissue complex represented by both anterior and posterior ligamentous structures as well as the intervertebral disc, and (3) neurologic status of the patient.

该系统提出将3个主要的损伤特征作为诊治下颈椎损伤的指征，包括：（1）脊柱影像学上的损伤形态，（2）以前纵韧带、后纵韧带和椎间盘为代表的间盘韧带软组织复合体（discoligamentous soft tissue complex DLC的完整性，（3）患者的神经系统状态。

METHODS: A total of 50 white rabbits were randomly divided into anterior cruciate ligament transection group, medial collateral ligament transection + meniscectomy group and normal control group. The specimens were harvested at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after operation. The osteocartilaginous section of the medial femur condyles were observed by gross observation, histological examination, and Markin scores. The contents of proteoglycan and collagen fiber were also measured.

取大耳白兔50只，随机分为3组前交叉韧带切除组、内侧副韧带+半月板切除组分别切除右后肢前交叉韧带、右后肢内侧副韧带和半月板，正常对照组不干预，分别在建模1，2，3，4和5周后分批于膝股骨内髁软骨取材，进行软骨组织大体和组织学观察、软骨损伤程度Markin评分；测定软骨组织蛋白多糖及软骨基质中胶原纤维含量。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。