韧

This is demonstrated (in form of examples of the author's own experience) for an unfilled semicrystalline polypropylene, a blend of epoxy resin with an elastomeric toughener, an injection moldable short fiber reinforced polyethyleneterephthalate, a discontinuous aligned fiber/polyethersulfone composite, and a high performance continuous fiber reinforced polymer composite system respectively.

这是表明（在表格的例子，该作者本身的经验）为一空半聚丙烯，共混环氧树脂树脂与橡胶增韧剂，一注射模压的短纤维增强 polyethyleneterephthalate ，间断不结盟纤维/聚醚砜复合材料，和一种高性能的连续纤维增强聚合物复合系统分别。

The results showed that for 2Y-TZP materials, because of low stabilizer content and small critical transformation size, more tetragonal zirconia could change into monoclinal, better effect of transformation toughening operated, hence higher fracture toughness was obtained.

晶粒尺寸、稳定剂含量对氧化锆陶瓷相变增韧效果具有重要的影响。2Y-TZP材料由于稳定剂含量低，临界相变尺寸也小，在低温烧结条件得到细晶粒情况下，断裂过程中有更多的晶粒达到或超过临界相变尺寸，因而具有更高的断裂韧性。

The microcrystalline strengthening effect is obvious, due to the sample with fine grain size that was wintered at low temperature and owned good bending strength. At the same time, also due to fine grain sizes, only less tetragonal zirconia grain that their sizes exceeded critical phase transformation size and could change into monoclinal phase when suffering stress, indistinct effect of transformation toughening operated, hence lower fracture toughness was obtained.

由于其晶粒尺寸较小，细晶强化的效果非常明显，因此，材料具有较高的抗弯强度；同时，由于晶粒小，只有一部分晶粒可以达到临界相变尺寸，相变增韧的效果不明显，因此试样的断裂韧性较低。

The relationship between subcritical crack velocity and stress intensity factor is obtained. And the fracture toughness is (1.508 4±0.114 3) MN·m-3/2. The multiple correlation coefficient is 0.925 4, which shows that the curve of lgKI-lgvis linear magnificently, and the high discretion of data is caused by mineral composition, separator size and mechanical property of rock itself.

得出采场矿岩亚临界裂纹扩展速度与应力强度因子之间的关系，矿岩断裂韧度为(1.508 4±0.114 3) MN·m-3/2；试验相关系数为0.925 4，表明lgKI-lgv关系曲线呈直线，数据离散性大是岩石本身的矿物成分、颗粒大小、力学性质的不均匀所致。

Microstructure of nacre is significant to understand the behavior of nacre and the biomimetic designing of materials.

本文利用扫描电镜原位观察了受拉伸载荷作用下珍珠层中裂纹的萌生及扩展方式，并结合SEM和TEM技术研究了贝壳珍珠层微观组织结构，探讨了裂纹扩展过程中的增韧机制。

It is concluded that with the formation of PEG modified network, a larger matrix deformation and higher crack propagation energy can be achieved.

在"半互穿网络"的增韧模型中，聚乙二醇的加入增加了不饱和聚酯的自由体积，在体系受冲击时提高某些链段的活动能力；但这种网络抵抗外力的变形能力有限的。

The microstructure morphology of the epoxy resin/nitrile rubber system and the influence of rubber kinds.

利用扫描电子显微镜等研究了环氧树脂/丁腈橡胶体系的微观结构形态以及橡胶种类、用量等对增韧效果的影响。

In small batch bulk PP/ nucleator system, The nucleator TMB-5 was used as the impact modification for different small batch bulk PP045 and PP075 in the second part of the project.

通过XRD分析表明，β成核剂TMB—5的加入使小本体PP的结晶度提高，并对β-PP有诱导生成作用，同时发现对小本体075具有较好的增韧效果，但使其强度有所下降。

The effects of varied impact modifiers including similar styrene elastomer, acrylnitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymerwith high content of polybutylene,ethylene- octene copolymer,butylene-styrene elastomer,styrene-butadiene-styrene elastomer,styrene/ethylene/butadiene/styrene block copolymeron the properties of su- per-toughened HIPS were investigated.

以高抗冲聚苯乙烯为基体树脂，采用双螺杆挤出机研究了不同抗冲击改性剂类苯乙烯弹性体、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物高胶粉、聚烯烃弹性体、丁苯弹性体、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯弹性体和苯乙烯-乙烯／丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物对HIPS的增韧效果。

The strength and toughness of the nanocomposites are improved because of the addition of anao-Zno. The volume resistance strength and toughness of the nanocomposites are improved because of the addition of nano-ZnO. The volume resistance coefficient is decreased 8×10 times, surface resistance coefficient is decreased 5.7×10^4 times, and the friction coefficient is decreased 29% by adding nano-ZnO. The friction, wear properties, and the antistatic property of MC Nylon 6/ZnO nanocomposite are better obviously than MC Nylon 6. The macro stress of MC Nylon 6 structure is changed by the tensile test so that the preferred orientation of crystal surface (002+202) is more obvious.

纳米ZnO的加入起到同时增强增韧的作用；使体积电阻系数降了8×10^4倍、表面电阻系数降了5.7×10^4倍、摩擦系数降低了29%，MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料摩擦磨损性能和抗静电性能明显优于MC尼龙6；经过力学拉伸试验的破坏，引起MC尼龙6结构发生宏观应力变化，造成（002+202晶面）产生明显的择优取向。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。