韧

It introduced the study progress on PA toughened by modified EPDM at home and abroad,analyzed the influencing factors during toughening PA with modified EPDM,such as graft ratio,content of rubber,crystallizability of PA etc.

介绍了国内外改性EPDM增韧尼龙研究进展，分析了在改性EPDM增韧PA过程中的影响因素，如接枝率、橡胶含量、PA的结晶性能等，阐述了EPDM增韧PA的机理，最后展望了该领域的发展趋势和方向。

The mechanical properties of horniness segmer graft toughening epoxy resin, toughening effect and microstructure of the fracture surface of toughened condensate have been studied on.

研究了硬质链段接枝增韧环氧树脂的机械性能，分析了增韧剂的增韧效果以及增韧后固化物断面的显微结构。

A traditional method to improve the toughness of composites is to incorporate toughener component into the matrix system to form a two-phase structure.

为了改善BMI树脂基复合材料的抗冲击损伤能力，传统的增韧方法是在树脂基体中引入增韧剂形成两相结构，提高树脂基体的韧性，达到增韧复合材料的目的。

Secondly,the phase separation mechanism,phase evolution and mechanical properties of toughener/BMI diphase system were investigated to prepare for toughening composite with Ex-situ technique.

其次，针对离位增韧中增韧剂与BMI树脂之间的相分离行为，研究了增韧剂与BMI树脂的反应诱导相分离机理、相形貌演化和力学性能。

The midrib-bundl es have be found with follow possible evolutionary trends: amphicribral bundle- almost-amphicriral bundle collateral bundle.

讨论 了中脉维管束类型可能的演化趋势：周韧维管束→近周韧维管束→下韧维管束。

According to the arra ngem ent of phloem and xylem, shape of xylem and the Arranging way of xylem rays, the midrib-bundles were divided into five forms :(1) amphicribral round bundle;(2 ) pinnate-ray amphicribral reniform bundle;(3) fan-ray amphicribral reniform b undle;(4) almost-amphicribral bundle;(5) collateral bundle.

根据中脉维管束结构特点：木质部与韧皮部的位置，木质部的形状，木射线排列的方式，可分为5个类型：（1）圆形周韧维管束；（2）羽线肾形周韧维管束；（3）扇线肾形周韧维管束；（4）近周韧维管束；（5）下韧维管束。

A study of phase morphology of PBT/POE-g-MAH/nano-CaCO3 composite by means of scanning electron microscopy showed that the domains size of nano-CaCO3 capsulated by POE-g-MAH elastomer in composite when PBT was mixed directly with POE-g-MAH and nano-CaCO3 together or with nano-CaCO3 capsulated by POE-g-MAH elastomer is large.

采用熔体流动速率较低的EPS30R与纯POE-g-MAH共混制备的增韧改性剂，在PBT基体中的分散相变得粗大且不均匀，共混物的脆韧转变推迟。SEM显示，纯POE-g-MAH增韧剂使PBT共混物发生脆韧转变时，弹性体分散相颗粒产生塑性变形，诱发基体屈服而吸收能量。

This observation provided a strong support to the point that most leaves export the most of assimilates in the light time. Plasmodesmal densities between SE/CC, CC/PP, PP/PP and PP/BSC (bundle-sheath cell) decreased in weak light. Plasmodesmata were observed between CC/SE (nacreous-walled sieve element), PP/BSC in branch veins in normal light intensity, but not in weak light. Thus apoplasmic pathway may be the main mode of transport of assimilates in weak light, however symplasmic pathway may be the main mode of transport of assimilates in normal light intensity.

在筛管/伴胞、伴胞/韧皮薄壁细胞、韧皮薄壁细胞/韧皮薄壁细胞和韧皮薄壁细胞/维管束鞘细胞之间的胞间连丝密度都在弱光条件下下降，在正常光照强度下支脉筛管/伴胞和韧皮薄壁细胞/维管束鞘细胞之间可以观察到胞间连丝，而在弱光下几乎观察不到胞间连丝的存在，所以同化物的运输在弱光条件下可能以质外体运输为主，而在正常光照强度下，共质体运输可能是主要的运输方式。

It reveals that the cavetation damage is more important than the cold-drawing for polymer toughening by rigid particles.

在此基础上讨论了①刚性有机粒子增韧、②刚性无机粒子增韧、③刚性粒子和橡胶混杂填充增韧聚合物的基本概念、分析方法、界面的作用、脆韧转变的判据和机理。

The basic principle of the toughening and modifying on bismaleimide resin was introduced, the characteristics and the modifying effects of the toughening and modifying with thermoplastic resin, the combination of aromatic diamine and epoxy resin, organic silicone, allyl compounds, cyanate ester resin, the blends of three-dimensional braided carbon and Kevlar fabrics and so on were discussed.

介绍双马来酰亚胺树脂增韧改性的基本原理，论述了热塑性树脂增韧改性、芳香族二胺和环氧树脂相结合增韧改性、有机硅增韧改性、烯丙基系列化合物增韧改性、氰酸酯树脂增韧改性、三维编织碳纤维和凯夫拉纤维混合增韧改性等方法的特点与改性效果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。