革新的

"That the doctrine of the Reformed churches concerning predestination, and the points annexed to it, by its own genius and necessary tendency, leads off the minds of men from all piety and religion; that it is an opiate administered by the flesh and by the devil, and the stronghold of Satan, where he lies in wait for all; and from which he wounds multitudes, and mortally strikes through many with the darts both of despair and security; that it makes God the author of sin, unjust, tyrannical, hypocritical; that it is nothing more than interpolated Stoicism, Manicheism, Libertinism, Turcism; that it renders men carnally secure, since they are persuaded by it that nothing can hinder the salvation of the elect, let them live as they please; and therefore, that they may safely perpetrate every species of the most atrocious crimes; and that, if the reprobate should even perform truly all the works of the saints, their obedience would not in the least contribute to their salvation; that the same doctrine teaches, that God, by a mere arbitrary act of his will, without the least respect or view to sin, has predestinated the greatest part of the world to eternal damnation; and, has created them for this very purpose; that in the same manner in which the election is the fountain and cause of faith and good works, reprobation is the cause of unbelief and impiety; that many children of the faithful are torn, guiltless, from their mothers' breasts, and tyrannically plunged into hell; so that, neither baptism, nor the prayers of the Church at their baptism, can at all profit by them;" and many other things of the same kind, which the Reformed Churches not only do not acknowledge, but even detest with their whole soul.

"该学说的革新教会联谊会关于宿命，并分附在它，由它自己的天才和必要的倾向，导致起飞的头脑男子从所有虔诚与宗教；这是一个鸦片类由血肉所魔鬼和据点撒旦，在那里他是在等待所有；从他的伤口众多，而致命打击，通过许多与飞镖都绝望与安全；因为它使上帝的作者单，不公正，专横，虚伪的，即它只不过是多插生活俭朴，摩尼教，放纵， turcism ；这使得男性的肉体关系稳固，因为它们是说服它说，没有任何东西可以阻碍救赎的选举，让他们住，因为他们请；因此，他们可以安全地胡作非为，每一个物种的最残暴的罪行，并认为，如果reprobate甚至应该真正履行全部工程的圣人，他们的服从，将不会在至少贡献出他们的救恩，即同一教义教导说，上帝，由一个单纯的任意行为，他的意志，如果没有起码的尊重，或以单，有predestinated最大的是世界的一部分，以永恒damnation ，并且创造了，他们为了这个目的，即在同一何种方式选举是喷泉和事业的信念和良好的工程， reprobation ，是导致不信者和不虔诚；说，许多儿童的教友们被拆除，无罪，从他们的母亲的乳房，并tyrannically陷入地狱，因此，既不洗礼，也没有祷告的教会，在他们的洗礼，能在所有利润由他们来主宰；"和许多其他东西的同类，而改革教会不仅不承认，但即使是讨厌自己的整个灵魂。

"That the doctrine of the Reformed churches concerning predestination, and the points annexed to it, by its own genius and necessary tendency, leads off the minds of men from all piety and religion; that it is an opiate administered by the flesh and by the devil, and the stronghold of Satan, where he lies in wait for all; and from which he wounds multitudes, and mortally strikes through many with the darts both of despair and security; that it makes God the author of sin, unjust, tyrannical, hypocritical; that it is nothing more than interpolated Stoicism, Manicheism, Libertinism, Turcism; that it renders men carnally secure, since they are persuaded by it that nothing can hinder the salvation of the elect, let them live as they please; and therefore, that they may safely perpetrate every species of the most atrocious crimes; and that, if the reprobate should even perform truly all the works of the saints, their obedience would not in the least contribute to their salvation; that the same doctrine teaches, that God, by a mere arbitrary act of his will, without the least respect or view to sin, has predestinated the greatest part of the world to eternal damnation; and, has created them for this very purpose; that in the same manner in which the election is the fountain and cause of faith and good works, reprobation is the cause of unbelief and impiety; that many children of the faithful are torn, guiltless, from their mothers' breasts, and tyrannically plunged into hell; so that, neither baptism, nor the prayers of the Church at their baptism, can at all profit by them;" and many other things of the same kind, which the Reformed Churches not only do not acknowledge, but even detest with their whole soul.

&该学说的革新教会联谊会关于宿命，并分附在它，由它自己的天才和必要的倾向，导致起飞的头脑男子从所有虔诚与宗教；这是一个鸦片类由血肉所魔鬼和据点撒旦，在那里他是在等待所有；从他的伤口众多，而致命打击，通过许多与飞镖都绝望与安全；因为它使上帝的作者单，不公正，专横，虚伪的，即它只不过是多插生活俭朴，摩尼教，放纵， turcism ；这使得男性的肉体关系稳固，因为它们是说服它说，没有任何东西可以阻碍救赎的选举，让他们住，因为他们请；因此，他们可以安全地胡作非为，每一个物种的最残暴的罪行，并认为，如果reprobate甚至应该真正履行全部工程的圣人，他们的服从，将不会在至少贡献出他们的救恩，即同一教义教导说，上帝，由一个单纯的任意行为，他的意志，如果没有起码的尊重，或以单，有predestinated最大的是世界的一部分，以永恒damnation ，并且创造了，他们为了这个目的，即在同一何种方式选举是喷泉和事业的信念和良好的工程， reprobation ，是导致不信者和不虔诚；说，许多儿童的教友们被拆除，无罪，从他们的母亲的乳房，并tyrannically陷入地狱，因此，既不洗礼，也没有祷告的教会，在他们的洗礼，能在所有利润由他们来主宰；&和许多其他东西的同类，而改革教会不仅不承认，但即使是讨厌自己的整个灵魂。

In view of these shortcomings, this frequency meter has made the radical innovation in the design, its merit is: Uses the core component is the advanced monolithic special-purpose frequency measurement component -- monolithic frequency meter, the integration rate is high, the volume is small, consumes the electricity province, function, has realized the frequency meter high integration and the microminiaturization; So long as the monolithic frequency meter adds on the crystal oscillator, the measuring range choice, the frequency demonstrated and so on the very few components then constitute DC to the 10MHz miniature basic frequency measurement electric circuit; But the biggest merit was this frequency meter has realized monolithic frequency meter, frequency sampling electric circuit and the monolithic microcomputer three between hardware and the software connection completely, caused the frequency measurement measuring range the choice, the frequency data survey, the sampling as well as the code frontier transformation and the data dump possible monolithic microcomputer software programming automatically to carry on, thus has realized the frequency measurement and the sampling work intellectualizes completely, causes this system already to be possible to constitute a miniature intelligence to measure rate the instrument core electric circuit independently, also might take in the large-scale automatic control or a test system intelligent subsystem.

针对这些缺点，本频率计在设计上作了根本的革新，其优点是：所用核心器件是先进的单片专用测频器件——单片频率计，集成度高，体积小，耗电省，功能强，实现了频率计的高度集成化和微型化；单片频率计只要加上晶振、量程选择、频率显示等很少量的器件即可构成一个DC至10MHz的微型基本测频电路；而最大的优点则是本频率计完全实现了单片频率计、频率采样与单片微机三者之间的硬件与软件接口，使得测频量程的选择、频率数据的测量、采样以及编码的边境转换和数据的转储均可能过单片微机的软件编程自动进行，从而实现了测频与采样工作的完全智能化，使得本系统既可独立构成一个微型智能测率仪器的核心电路，也可作为大型自动控制或测试系统中的一个智能子系统。

In view of these shortcomings this frequency meter has made the radical innovation in the design its merit is: Uses the core component is the advanced monolithic special-purpose frequency measurement component -- monolithic frequency meter the integration rate is high the volume is small consumes the electricity province function has realized the frequency meter high integration and the microminiaturization; So long as the monolithic frequency meter adds on the crystal oscillator the measuring range choice the frequency demonstrated and so on the very few components then constitute DC to the 10MHz miniature basic frequency measurement electric circuit; But the biggest merit was this frequency meter has realized monolithic frequency meter frequency sampling electric circuit and the monolithic microcomputer three between hardware and the software connection completely caused the frequency measurement measuring range the choice the frequency data survey the sampling as well as the code frontier transformation and the data dump possible monolithic microcomputer software programming automatically to carry on thus has realized the frequency measurement and the sampling work intellectualizes completely causes this system already to be possible to constitute a miniature intelligence to measure rate the instrument core electric circuit independently also might take in the large-scale automatic control or a test system intelligent subsystem.

摘要传统的测频仪器体积很大，耗能量大，主要靠手工操作，而最大的缺点是不可编程，其量程转换、数据测量、采样控制和处理等均不能通过程序指令来进行控制，无法作为一个微型智能子系统与某一大型自动控制或测试系统进行接口。针对这些缺点，本频率计再设计上作了根本的革新，其优点是：所用核心器件是先进的单片专用测频器件——单片频率计，集成度高，体积小，耗电省，功能强，实现了频率计的高度集成化和微型化；单片频率计只要加上晶振、量程选择、频率显示等很晌慰的器件即可构成一个DC至10MHz的微型基本测频电路；而最大的优点则是本频率计完全实现了单片频率计、频率采样与单片微机三者之间的硬件与软件接口，使得测频量程的选择、频率数据的测量、采样以及编码的边境转换和数据的转储均可能过单片微机的软件编程自动进行，从而实现了测频与采样工作的完全智能化，使得本系统既可独立构成一个微型智能测率仪器的核心电路，也可作为大型自动控制或测试系统中的一个智能子系统。关键词高度集成化，单片机，频率计，电路

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation,investment in innovation---a risky and expensive budget item---might meet resistance from mangagement and stockholders who might more concerned with costcutting , efficient organization,and large advertising budgets,it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equate with bountiful expenditures for research.

可以假设一个不是被单一团体控制的处于高度竞争的企业，在革新方面的投资---一种冒险而又昂贵的预算项目----也可能遇到来自管理层和股东的阻力，这些管理层和股东他们也许更关注的是成本降低、有效率的组织和大的广告预算。设想一个垄断的生产商应当为了调查研究而支出大量的金钱那将是一个异乎寻常的错误。

While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation,investment in innovation---a risky and expensive budget item---might meet resistance from mangagement and stockholders who might more concerned with costcutting , efficient organization,and large advertising budgets,it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equate with bountiful expenditures for research.

同时我们可以假设一个不是被单一社团控制的处于高度竞争的企业，在革新方面的投资---一种冒险而又昂贵的预算款项----也可能遇到来自管理层和股东的阻力，这些管理层和股东他们也许更关注的是降低成本、有效组织和大的广告预算。设想一个垄断的生产商应当为了调查研究而支出大量的金钱那将是一个天大的错误想法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。