面坐标

The simple algebraic procedure is used to form nearly orthogonal 2—D C—type and H—type bodyfitted grids for bodies of revolution, which is then used to generate 3—D C—O and H—O bodyfitted grids for fuselages.

五、用简单的代数方法生成了近于正交的旋成体子午面"C"型及"H"型贴体坐标网格，并以此为基础构造了三维任意截面机身的"C-O"型及"H-O"型贴体坐标网格。

In the CVB-PIV system,the image of astatic particle reflection is a circle,whose center represents the in-plane position of the particle andradius is equal to the displacement of bias related to the out-plane position of the particle.

同时，通过CVB-PIV对单个或多个粒子的静止、直线运动、摆动和圆周运动的研究，以及对平面镜角速度等参数对于粒子影像的影响和粒子面外位置与粒子影像偏移量对应关系的探讨表明，静止粒子的影像是一个圆，圆心坐标与粒子的面内位置相对应，圆的半径就是粒子影像的偏移量，与粒子的面外位置一一对应。

And an evaluating method for coplanarity is adopted,which is based on least condition principle.

提出一种基于激光跟踪原理对空间点的坐标进行测量，采用"最小条件"法为基础的共面性评价方法，实现了对由多个非连续铅垂面形成大平面的平面度的高精度测量，实际测得共面度为0。

This article focuses on the line-line, line-region and region-region topological relations algorithm, which come down to the same question: whether there are intersections between line and line. The sweep-line algorithm was studied by many people, but has some deficiencies to be improved, in order to handle some special cases and increase program efficiency. My works as follows: rectangular envelope to reduce executive times , vector cross multiplication to determine intersection between line and line, coordinates and slope method to deal with some special cases. C program examples are showed together.(5) Finally, to prove capability and efficiency of the model and calculation method, some test systems are developed. For example, complex spatial topological relation query, parcels' exact area with the area of linear object reduced in land use, quality inspection to cadastral data according to topological rule, spatio-temporal change query of cadastral data.

将线线、线面、面面之间的拓扑关系实现的算法归结为线与线之间求交的基本问题；为处理一些特殊的拓扑关系情况，提高扫描线算法的效率，探讨了包络矩形粗滤、判断线线是否相交的矢量叉乘法、线节点重合或共线的斜率坐标判断法等改进方法；同时还设计了一种新的节点微小圆求交的算法，可应用于图斑与线状地物细分拓扑关系及地类面积的计算；（5）本文设计了实验系统，包括复杂对象的拓扑关系表达与计算程序、图斑地类面积的计算程序、基于空间拓扑关系规则的地籍数据库质量检查功能，以及时空拓扑关系和变化语义分析等原型，验证了拓扑关系表达模型和计算方法的可行性和实用性。

With the dual direction coordinate mapping method, the accurate 3 D coordinate of the measured object can be acquired.

采用文中提出的双向高度坐标校正法，可以得到精确的物面三维坐标。

To improve the accuracy of the coordinates of points,a model is described which consider the equation geometric meaning,making use of mid-point of crossover line to get 3D points coordinate.

三维坐标点计算方面，考虑方程组的几何意义，采用异面直线公垂线中点逼近三维空间点的方法，提高了点坐标的计算精度。

The paper puts forth that the numerical model of actual forming part is reconstructed by RE and the surface is regarded as actual trimmed surface, then grids and nodes mapping relationship between design model and actual forming part is acquired through compelling deformation simulation, and the design trimming line is dispersed into points according to a certain precision and the projective points and the coordinate values of the intersection points of projective line on the grids formed by discrete points are calculated along trimming direction, the new coordinate values of projective points and intersection points of projective line after deformation are calculated based on the mapping relationship of grids and nodes, the deformed trimming line can be acquired through fitting the points into curve.

本文提出通过逆向工程技术重构出实际冲压件的型面并以此型面为修边后实际冲压件的型面，然后采用强制变形仿真的方法建立设计模型和实际冲压件重构模型的网格和节点映射关系。将设计修边线按一定精度离散成点，然后根据修边方向计算出各点在网格上形成的投影点和投影线交点，根据之前计算出来的网格和节点映射关系就可以计算出投影点和投影线交点在变形后的新坐标，将其拟合成曲线就可以得到变形后修边线的形状。

In the course of the transform from spherical surface coordinates of radar s station to right-angle coordinates of the command center fulfilled by the earth-centered coordinate , when the rotation of the earth and the factor of topography and the function of the gravity are considered.

在利用地心坐标完成从雷达站球面坐标到指挥中心直角坐标的转换中，当考虑到地球自转、地形因素及重力作用时，所采用的地球模型与地球实际水准面并不重合，坐标系的坐标轴与实际之间存在着垂线偏差。

Therefore the author built a 3-D model based on the surface equations of roller gear cam, and presented a method of using coordinate measuring machine to measure the surfaces of the cam.

为此，本文以弧面分度凸轮的轮廓面方程为基础，建立了弧面分度凸轮的三维模型，提出了一种用三坐标测量机测量其轮廓面误差的方法。

The paper discusses the position relationship between the litter circles of torus and the section circle of sphere figured out the intersection of torus and sphere when the central axis of torus and sphere center in XOZ coordinate plane through coordinate transformation.

利用坐标变换使圆环中心轴与球心同在XOZ平面内，讨论了在该平面内圆环截圆与球圆的位置不相交、相切和相交时圆环面和球面的相交情况，并给出了判别圆环面、球面相交情况的流程图以及圆环面和球面相交实例。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。