面向对象的

Based on analysing the impact of obeject- oriented programming languages on testing, firstly ,testing strategies and technologies of obeject-oriented testing are discussed in this paper. The approach of class testing equalling to tradition unit testing is presented and various class testing technologies are studied systematically.

本文在分析面向对象程序设计语言对软件测试影响的基础上，首先讨论了面向对象软件测试的测试策略及测试技术，提出将对类层的测试作为基本的单元测试，继而对面向对象软件类测试技术进行了系统的研究。

This article analyses the status that object-oriented technology is applied on project development, introduces the reason of that instance appears, gives out the different features between object-oriented technology and traditional structure technology and their application on different software development, anatomizing the analyses and design processes of object-oriented method and structure method.

分析了国内面向对象技术在项目开发中的应用现状，指出了造成这种情况的原因，通过对面向对象分析设计过程和结构化分析设计过程的剖析，给出了面向对象技术与传统的结构化技术在分析设计方面的不同特性，以及它们在不同软件开发中的应用。

Synthetically considering these characteristics, the method of freeway management and control are presented according to four aspects: system objective orientation and concept design, system demand and requirement analysis, system data management and network structure, traffic control and accident detecting theory as well as its application. Function and structure of system are delimitated from the point view of integration. Construction and function demand of subsystem are analyzed and basic implement projects are presented. In this thesis, system data flow and management method and target which based on system network topology structure and equipment demand are described. Traffic modeling ideology and the process of making dynamic model as well as accident detecting program are presented with centralized and distributed traffic control theory in detail, then freeway ramp control theory which based on predictive model and its theoretic pattern are explored. Finally, based on the object oriented programming, program of accident detecting and checking on freeway is developed by using visual C++ as tool.

论文综合考虑高速公路交通管理系统的上述特征，分别从系统目标定位及概念设计、系统需求分析、系统数据管理及网络结构分析、交通控制与交通事件检测理论与应用四个层面，对高速公路交通管理与控制问题进行了系统阐述，界定了系统的功能及各功能的实现要求，并从系统集成角度划分了系统的结构；分析了各子系统的信息、功能、建设等方面的需求，给出了基本实施方案要求；对系统数据流程进行了描述和梳理，提出了数据管理的方法、目标及措施，分析、设计了系统网络拓扑结构及设备需求；阐述了交通模型的建模思想和动态交通模型的建立过程，对集中式和分散式全局交通控制理论进行了详细的分析，提出了基于预测的高速公路匝道控制理论，并对理论模式及相关的问题进行了研究，分析了高速公路事件检测系统，并采用面向对象的编程思想，以Visual C++为编写工具，开发了高速公路事件检测系统分析软件。

The characteristics of geospatial metadata is discussed,the object hypostases of geospatial metadata is anatomized,and object model of geospatial metadata is constructed.

论述了地理空间信息元数据中的对象的特质，构建了地理空间信息元数据对象模型，提出了结合面向对象中的对象操作和面向对象软件工程的地理空间信息元数据标准的研制方法。

New techniques and management methods are welling up, the object-oriented technique becomes a dominant technique, the unified modeling language outstands over the numerous object-oriented modeling techniques, investigation of the software reuse and the component technique becomes the hottest spot recently.

面向对象技术是软件开发的主流技术；统一建模语言在众多的面向对象建模技术中脱颖而出，成为面向对象建模技术的标准；软件复用和构件技术已成为研究热点。

A lot of fieldworks have been done to collect the runtime data of the workshop in several famous shipyards. A survey is carried out among the workers and engineers to get the important information during practical production, such as production process, resource distribution, facility layout, etc. A simulate software named SSHM (Simulation for Ship Hull Manufacturing) is developed for the design of the automated ship hull manufacturing workshop by using object-oriented methodology. Analysis and Evaluation of productivity for the design project is also carried out.

在对几家大型造船厂的钢料加工车间的实地调研和考察之后，分析了某车间运行的实际情况；对该车间的主要的技术操作员和专家采用问卷调查的形式进行了咨询，获取了大量的实际生产过程的重要信息；对车间目前的工艺流程、资源分配、规划布局和实际生产过程的大量生产数据加以分析和整理：利用面向对象的方法建立加工车间的系统模型和仿真模型，开发了模拟钢料加工车间自动化生产的仿真软件SSHM (Simulation for Ship Hull Manufacturing)，并对仿真设计方案的生产效率进行了分析和讨论。

Three main shortcuts are listed out: the first is the data can t be collected easily which holdbacks the statistics and analyses; the second is the system s extension and adaptability are poor and the data structure and code are redundant; the third is the communication of the same kind management information system is weak and the communication risks on some danger.

本文着重从解决这三个方面的问题入手，提出了&柔性&管理信息系统的模型，着重讲述了系统设计的方法和理论，并给出了&柔性&管理信息系统的定义，以及系统的基于组件的设计范式，体现了使用者既是开发者的主题思想，利用面向对象的循环迭代式软件设计方法，通过对模块间的耦合度和模块内聚合度的分析，来验证系统的科学与先进型。

In chapter two, the principles of Object-Oriented technology is introduced first. Then, the theory to integrate CAD and CAM with O-O concept is presented.

第二章介绍了面向对象技术的基本原理，提出了利用面向对象技术实现CAD/CAM集成的理论方法，开发了用于面向对象信息建模的&对象—关系图&。

The groundwork of this text is as follows:In understanding the graphic presentation characteristic of the construction drawing of the building, foundation of content. At building the semantemes of construction drawing, building construction drawings understanding tactics and content gone on detailed analysis understanding. Have laid a good foundation for the following understanding of the construction drawing; According to the expression characteristic of the construction drawing, utilize the technology of OOP, Adopt C ++ language and draw the level models of fire control feature; It carries on deep analysis to DXF file format give and a method of read DXF file. On the basis of reading DXF file and familiar with understanding to the form of DXF file, study to the pattern recognition methods of fire control facility.

本文的主要工作如下：在了解建筑工程图的图示特点、内容的基础上，对建筑工程图的语义、理解策略、建筑消防审查等内容进行了详细的分析，为后面的工程图的理解打下了良好的基础；根据工程图的表达特点，利用面向对象的程序设计方法，采用C++语言，得出了消防特征类的层次模型；对DXF文件格式进行深入的分析，并给出了读取DXF文件的方法；在读取DXF文件和对DXF文件的格式熟悉了解的基础上，对消防设施的图形识别方法进行了研究，提出了实效的图形识别的方法。

We refer to problems in NS-2 and the significance of developing INDRE.4. The Integrated Network Design and Research Environment by Simulation, INDRE, is proposed.

在INDRE的设计与实现工作中，提出INDRE的设计思想：建立一个开放式的、模块化的、面向对象的、可视化交互的网络设计和研究综合平台，为网络研究和设计人员提供一个直观的、简单的、灵活的、易操作的图形化建模与分析界面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。