面

Presents the design of longitudinal control for ASTOVL lift-fan aircraft, a multi-variable, strong-coupling, complicated nonlinear system to make the system nonlinear offset and decouple, and the method used for linear system in designing the system to gain expectant flying qualities and the combination of aerodynamic control surfaces with thrust vectors to delay the control surfaces getting into saturation, and the minimum N-norm generalized inverse theorem of weighted generalized inverse adopted to apportion the moments commands, which make the control surfaces gain appropriate deflection and the simulation results to verify the dynamic inverse control laws designed really make the system nonlinear offset and decouple; when one command is given, only this output will response, and others do not response; when all commands are given together, the responses will be just the linear superpose of the response of each command, therefore the operation of the pilot will be simplified greatly.

摘 要： ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是多变量、强耦合、复杂的非线性系统，采用非线性动态逆理论设计控制律以实现系统的非线性对消及解耦，然后，采用线性系统的设计方法对系统进行设计，以使系统获得期望的飞行品质。同时，考虑到ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是由气动舵面和推力矢量融合作用的，为了延缓各舵面进入饱和的时间，采用加权广义逆中的极小N-范数广义逆定理分配力矩指令，从而使各舵面达到适当的偏转角。并将所设计的控制律进行了仿真，结果验证了所设计的动态逆控制律使系统实现了非线性对消和解耦，单个指令作用时，只有该项响应，其余不受影响；所有指令作用时，其结果就等于单个指令作用时的线性叠加，这样使驾驶员的操纵大大简化而易于控制，从而大大降低了飞行事故率。

On the basis of a great deal of information, several general problem on land sarface process parametrization for a global circulation model and its history of development are described. The Bucket model, EARTH, ISBA and SiSPAT models are respectively expounded, and the situation of studies on land surface process parametrization is summarized. China is a participating country of the international geosphere-biosphere program and the study on circulation of global energy and moisture, and has put forward some valuable soil-vegetation-atmosphere models for land surface process parametrization. which results in effective studies on vegetation indexes.

在大量资料基础上，叙述了大气环流模式陆面过程参数化方案的一般问题及其发展历程，分别阐述了水桶模式、EARTH模式、ISBA模式和SiSPAT模式；总结了在陆面过程参数化方面的研究状况，我国参与了国际地圈生物圈计划和全球能量与水分循环的研究，特别是在陆面过程的参数化研究方面，提出了一些有价值的土壤—植物—大气模式，对植被指数进行了有成效的研究。

The results show that the interplanar crystal spacing and lattice index of Al-rich α phase reduce gradually with increasing pressure. When the pressure reaches from common pressure to 5 GPa , Al-rich α phase lies on the (200) and (220) crystal faces, the interplanar crystal spacing are reduced by 1.07% and 1.15%. From common pressure to 3 GPa , the microstructure of ZA27 alloy changes from thick dendrites to fine dendrites, and finally to granular. According to the effect of solute diffusion coefficient under super high pressure and the calculation of Scherrer formula, it can be seen that the crystal organization is fine within the bounds of certain pressure. This conclusion is consistent with the experiment results.

结果表明：随着压力的增加，晶面间距和晶格常数都逐渐减小，当压力达到5 GPa时，富铝α相在(200)与(220)晶面处，晶面间距较常压力时的分别减小1.07%和1.15%；在常压至3 GPa范围内，晶粒由粗大的树枝晶→细小的树枝晶→粒状、椭球状枝晶转变的趋势，通过压力对合金凝固溶质扩散系数的影响结合Scherrer公式计算分析其组织变化原因，得出在一定的压力范围内，随着压力的增大，晶粒尺寸逐渐变小，这一结论与实验结果相符。

It is: the stand-by fermentation of refined flour; get another oil, the ratio of 1:3 to face-crisp; then cut into the core end of the tender green onions; fermentation to add a good base kneading dough, kneading until there is more to toughness , And Latin America growth, Hu add sesame oil, pulling the plane into a double agent; then flat surface by agents, including Health and pastries into the volume together, according to the flat, including live pigs into the leaf fat, diced green onion, salt and so on, that is, shut up pinch together Green circle pig into a cake.

做法是：把精面粉发酵待用；另取油、面以1：3的比例制酥；再把大葱嫩蕊切成末；把发酵好的面团加碱揉制，直至揉到有较强韧性时，拉成长条，抹上胡麻油，揪成一两重的面剂；再把面剂按扁，包入生油酥卷拢，按扁，包进生猪板油、大葱末、精盐等，捏拢收口即成圆形猪油饼生坯。

Data structure used for interactive design of 3D box CAD and pickup methods of three level objects in plane,line in a plane,and point in a plane were introduced. The interactive 3D paper box CAD system was developed.

给出满足三维包装纸盒交互设计的数据结构和对于面、面内线段、面内点3个层次对象的拾取方法，并开发了交互式三维包装纸盒CAD系统。

If that does not stick, look at how it is, for example in relief are too low, you will need to nephish a little bit, then the version from the following to set that up, hold the balance, and then apply it to the bowl.

如果这样也不有有贴准的话，不即看看它是怎样的环境，比如说不不不瘪版贴得太矮了，必给往上挪一不面不面，那么不即从底下把版掀不躺下一不面，进取笔直，把持好不均，再贴在辊筒上。

And 0.4～0.6 respectively for the induction coil with round crosssection and rectangular cross-section; The magnetic flux density of coil made with round pipe was nonuniform, especially near the inner wall of coil turns that caused a fluctuation of electromagnetic pressure on the surface of liquid metal and had a bad effect for forming a sample with uniform cross-section and smooth surface; The system of screen and restraint magnetic field not only had an efficient effect on restraining the electromagnetic stirring and stablizing meniscus, also caused the conecial periphery of melt to be vertical; The position of top and S/L interface of melt had a direct effect on the meniscus shape. The meniscus profile varied from cone-shaped through column to cucurbituceous shape with the increase of top height or decrease of S/L interface.

对圆形截面、矩形截面感应圈来说D/H分别取0.7～1.1，0.4～0.6较为理想；对多匝感应圈来说，在匝间处存在漏磁，易引起熔体表面起伏不平，这种现象在用圆铜管绕制的感应圈中较为明显；屏蔽—抑流系统的加入可以消除电磁搅拌，使熔体稳定性增强，同时可使形态呈锥形的熔体侧面变得垂直成为理想形态；熔体上液面、固/液界面的选位直接影响成型形态，上液面升高，熔体形态经历锥形→柱形→葫芦形的转化，固/液界面下降则经历锥形→葫芦形的转变。

III Investigations of ferromagnetic alloy films by XMCD1. By using XMCD and SQUID magnetometry, the spin and orbital moments of Fe and Co in the Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)(50nm) are studied. Compared with single-element film, the spin moment of Co remains constant while that of Fe reduced from 1.98 to 1.63μB. The contributions of different elements in the film is, m_ : m_ - 10.5 : 89.5. The average magnetic moment (1.90μB) determined by XMCD is in agreement with that (1.82μB) obtained from SQUID measurements. Utilizing XMCD spectra in-plane element-dependent magnetic anisotropy in Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1) films has been investigated. Apart from known field-induced easy axis during film growth, a soft axis perpendicular to it was observed, and hard axes are 66° away from the easy axis.

利用XMCD谱研究了50nm Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜，结果发现：样品中Fe、Co元素对磁化强度的贡献比为10.5∶89.5；由XMCD获得的合金平均原子磁矩1.90μ_B与用SQUID磁强计得到的合金平均原子磁矩1.82μ_B基本相符；对Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜面内元素分辨的磁各向异性的研究发现，除了在生长的磁诱导方向存在易磁化轴外，与该轴垂直的方向还存在一个类似易轴的软磁化轴；面内的两个难磁化轴与易磁化轴取向大约成66°夹角，构成面内双轴磁各向异性，并根据XMCD结果对面内双轴形成的原因进行了分(来源：Ad2BC82论文网www.abclunwen.com)析。2。

The aftershock distribution was relatively centered and the major axis of the aftershock area was not clear.

余震分布较集中，极震区长轴方向与震源机制解中节面Ⅰ走向基本一致，因此，节面Ⅰ可能是这次地震的主破裂面。

3D solid visualization class and 3D surface visualization class have thefunction of visualizing the scalar and vector. Moreover, 3D surface visualization classcan produce 2D data file. Picture class provides function of marking on the picture.

其次，运用 VTK 标量和矢量可视化技术实现了三维数据场的矢量和标量可视化，包括三维体数据场标量和矢量单视区显示及三维体数据场剖面标量和矢量单视区/四视区显示；使三维面数据可视化类具备了三维面数据场标量单视区显示功能和剖切面生成二维数据文件的功能，并且在三维面数据可视化类中内嵌了数据预处理算法。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。