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This doctoral dissertation is composed of several parts: At beginning, the frontal structure, the effects of diabatic heating and orography, the dynamics of frontal circulation and the mesoscale systems associated with front are reviewed. Several problems based on the review are brought forward. First, at present, the semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory is the most appropriate basic framework for the general explanation of the frontogenetic process. However, the comparison between semigeostrophic theory and the observation have revealed some inconsistencies. The newly observational facts increase the inconsistencies.

本博士论文主要由如下几部分组成，首先对锋面结构、地形和非绝热加热对锋的影响、锋生环流及锋面附近中尺度系统动力学问题的历史与现状进行了综述，在此基础上提出需要进行研究的若干问题：(1)、半地转锋生理论直到今天仍是解释锋生过程的最合适的理论框架，但是通过与观测事实比较，人们发现半地转理论不能对许多锋面观测特征给出令人满意的回答，新的观测事实使问题更加突出，这就向人们提出：是什么原因导致半地转理论与实际观测的不符？

Firstly, from Gauss' equations and relative motion equations, the relation of control impulse and relative motion was expressed as analysis formulas and simplified based on the near circular condition. By deeply analyzing the mechanism of impulses in each directions (radial, in-track and cross-track directions) effect on relative motion respectively, two maneuvers to establish formation flying are provided: one is to utilize the impulses in radial and cross-track directions, the other is to utilize the impulses in along-track and cross-track directions. Both of the two methods can establish satellite formation flying of any configuration. The method with impulses irradial and cross-track directions needs only 3 impulses, while the method with impulses in along-back and cross-track directions needs 4 impulses. Lastly, by an example of establishing a space-circle formation flying, two maneuvers were compared with each other in the amount of impulses and fuel consuming estimation.

首先由高斯型拉格朗日轨道摄动运动方程得到轨道坐标系中控制冲量与轨道根数偏差的关系，基于近圆轨道的条件简化并带入相对运动方程，得到控制冲量与相对运动的关系表达式；通过深入分析各个方向（径向、沿迹向与轨道面法向）的控制冲量对相对运动的影响，给出了分别用径向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合和沿迹向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合实现编队捕获的两种控制策略；最后给出了一个空间圆编队捕获实例，并从燃料消耗、施加冲量次数及捕获时间等角度对比研究了两种控制策略的特点。

Based on the theory of gearing and differential geometry, a series of geometric relationships between conjugate tooth surfaces are analyzed, basic relationships of normal curvature as well as geodesic torsion between conjugate tooth surfaces are derived mathematically for the most general form of gearing.

基于微分几何和齿轮啮合理论，分析了共轭啮合齿面间的一系列几何关系，从而揭示了两个作空间共轭啮合运动的齿面之间的法曲率、短程挠率的内在几何联系。作为上述理论的具体应用，研究了准双曲面齿轮传动两齿面之间在给定参考点处的法曲率、短程挠率的关系

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）Abstract: Based on the theoretic calculation of crystal faces (001),(100),(010),(011),(110),(101) and (112) of gibbsite by CASTEP program, the relationship between unfold character of crystal face and chemical bond strength of surface of gibbsite was investigated.

摘 要：用剑桥连续总能量软件包程序，对氢氧化铝的各个经常显露面族的(001)、(100)、(010)、(011)、(110)、(101)和(112)面进行理论计算，分析氢氧化铝晶体的晶面显露特征与表面化学键力的关系。

Especially the Moho discontinuity between the earth's crust and mantle, the Gutenberg discontinuity between the mantle and the core, and the gradational change between the outer and inner core.

特指地壳和地幔之间的莫霍不连续面，地幔和地核之间的古登堡不连续面，以及外地核和内地核之间的渐变面。

Te property of semi-grain leather: Only half of the grain remains after processing and grinding during the manufacture, so it is called semi-grain leather.

半粒面皮革特性：其在制作过程中经设备加工、修磨成只有一半的粒面，故称半粒面牛皮。

As hexahedral mesh has more advantages than surface mesh and tetrahedral mesh, a research hotpot is concentrated on hexahedral mesh generation algorithm.

由于六面体网格在很多方面具有其它面网格和四面体网格无法比拟的优越性，所以研究热点都集中在六面体网格算法的研究上。

If every hinge point of a fold in profile are connected, we can get an imaginary plane which divides the fold symmetrically. This imaginary plane is known as axial plane. The geometrical characteristics are used to classify folds.

如果在横断面上将一个褶曲各弯曲层上的枢纽点连接起来，便可得到一个对称分隔褶曲的标志面，这个标志面叫做褶皱轴面，可以用褶皱轴面的几何学特征来作褶皱分类。

Considering the effect of load and helical angle on the instaneous width of contact area, this paper uses the BEM program for calculating the deformations at different place along the width of convex tooth and concave tooth of W-N gear and gets the relevant deformation curves.

并首次应用三维边界元方法，在计入齿面瞬时接触迹宽度随外载、螺旋角而变化的条件下，计算了双圆弧齿轮凸齿面端部和凹齿面端部的变形。

Then through dynamical analysis, every instantaneous acceleration distributing of slope under dynamical earthquake can be got too. According to this result, adding earthquake force to structure by way of inertial force, this paper analyses the slope stabilization by using FEM strength reduction method and gains every instantaneous safety factor and its corresponding slide. Curves of safety factors versus duration can be made by curvefitting. By safety factors versus duration curves and slides, we can value structure's quakeproof stabilization and point its slide out. By these principles, programs of FEM stabilization analysis for each moment are organized.

首先通过三维非线性有限元静力分析得到动力分析的初始应力，再进行动力分析得出边坡在动力作用下每一瞬时的加速度分布，根据每一瞬时的加速度分布的结果，将地震作用力作为惯性力加在结构上，用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析，得出在地震动力作用下每一瞬时的安全系数及对应滑裂面，拟合可得到一条安全系数随时间变化的曲线，根据这条安全系数时程曲线及滑裂面，综合得出结构的抗震稳定安全系数及对应的滑裂面。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。