面

Based on the problems of the change of erosion types on the slope, we used a new REE tracer method, by placing different rare earth elements of different soil depth across a slope in an indoor plot, simulated rainfall and INAA were applied to study sheet erosion changing to rill erosion on slope land.

提出并建立了一种新的利用REE元素研究坡面土壤侵蚀的方法根据坡面不同侵蚀方式演变过程定量分析存在问题，提出并建立了人为沿坡面垂直分层布设不同的REE示踪元素，利用室内人工模拟降雨试验和中子活化分析相结合的方法研究坡面侵蚀演变过程。

Quantitatively studying on the change of accumulated sheet and rill erosion amounts.Sheet erosion rate firstly gradually increased, then rapidly increased and finally remained stable with the rainfalls time, but the rill erosion rate increased more quickly than sheet erosion rate and the value of rill erosion rate was higher than of sheet erosionrate.

定量分析了次降雨条件下累积面蚀量、细沟累积侵蚀量及面蚀率、细沟侵蚀率随时间的变化在试验条件下，随着降雨的进行，坡面面蚀率先缓慢增加趋势后基本保持稳定，而细沟侵蚀率具有随降雨时间急剧增加现象。

It is necessary to find the effects of spherical geometry on surface wave; Based on normal modal summation, the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the fundamental and few higher modes are calculated; Based on surface waveform scattering theory, the scattering surface wave are calculated for three dimensional laterally varying medium.

基于球地球模型计算面波波形，考虑到地球的圆球率，比平地球模型更接近实际；根据简正振型叠加原理计算出基阶和高阶直达面波；用面波散射理论计算出三维非均匀弹性地球模型的散射面波，包含振型转换，与实际更吻合。

According to the natures of the 3rd-sequence, two kinds of facies-change surfaces and two kinds of diachrononism in stratigraphical records, the sequence stratigraphic framework can be established.

在前人岩相古地理研究的基础上，根据三级层序的两大特征——"空间上相序的有序性和时间上环境变化的同步性"，并考虑到地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性――"静态相变面及其相变面穿时、动态相变面及其间断面穿时"，建立研究区域志留系的层序地层格架，并在此基础上从沉积物的时间演化序列和沉积相的空间展布形式入手，恢复其古地理背景。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

The head loss coefficient of down inlet linear transition is less than tortile transition and those above of outlet almost same.

设计流量下进口直线扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数小于反弯扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数，出口直线扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数与反弯扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数基本相同。

Furthermore, middle-term cycles are classified into 4 evolvement stages, i.e. rising, transitorily decreasing, stably decreasing and fast decreasing.

主要划分为4个演化阶段，即基准面上升—短暂基准面下降—持续基准面上升—基准面又快速下降。

The connecting of neighbour tetrahedran with common vertex angle forms M—O layer,and the connection of neighbour octahedran with common edge ...

偏岭石结构中近邻四面体与四面体共顶连接构成M—O层，八面体与八面体共棱或共面连接构成Al—O层；而四面体与八面体通过不规则的共顶连接构成近程层状结构。

The connecting of neighbour tetrahedra n wit h common vertex angle forms M—O layer,and the connection of neighbour o ctahedran with common edge or plane forms Al—O layer.

偏岭石结构中近邻四面体与四面体共顶连接构成M—O层，八面体与八面体共棱或共面连接构成Al—O层；而四面体与八面体通过不规则的共顶连接构成近程层状结构。

In order to prove the importance of three-body interaction, accurate ArH〓 potential surface and accurate ArAr potential surface are added to construct a two-body potential surface. We found that this potential surface is corresponding with a deep potential well and a tight structure, which is far from the real structure of Ar〓H〓. Obviously, this two-body additive potential surface is not suit in this system.

为了证明三体作用在体系中的重要性，我们用精确的ArH〓的势能面与精确的ArAr的势能面构造了一个两体加和的势能面，发现两体加和的势能面表现的是一个深势阱的紧凑结构，与Ar〓H〓的结构相去甚远，因此可以确认，两体加和在此系统中是不适用的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。